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Abe Lincoln, Joe Biden, and the Suckerization of Blacks
This is a continuation of the "What are we to do about Biden?
Or why Sensible Blacks don't want Joe Biden".
And right away I'm handed disappointment, I thought I had created a new
word "Suckerization"
and wouldn't you know, its already in the
Poughkeepsie Journal, and worst yet, their definition is pretty Good!
Quote: Suckerization often comes out of low self-worth. But it almost
always comes out of refusing to do the necessary homework — observing a
potential partner's behavior over time and seeing whether it matches up
with the person they claim to be. As an example; Blacks of my fathers
generation could not be convinced that Jews were not the Black Mans
best friend. Hell they weren't even "WHITE!" He, He, of course at the
right time Jews admitted that they were indeed White. But the concept
that they weren't really White was so INGRAINED in Black consciousness
that in the mid 1980s some Jewish person felt obligated to write a book
stating that Jews were indeed White. If anyone knows the name of that
book please let us know - been trying to remember the name of that book
all this time. I didn't pay it any attention at the time, because any
fool could see Jews were Albinos, plus they were Slave Traders.
Now
- because they have gotten used to leading Blacks around by the
nose, visa-vie the NAACP, they have become positively belligerent when
a Black legislator dares have a mind of his own or Yee Gadds, an
OPINION of his own. Nope, gotta check with the Jews first! That's what
got Black Congressman Jamaal Bowman of upstate New York in trouble. He
saw the slaughter of Palestinian Civilians and took a stand against it:
BUT HE FORGOT TO ASK THE JEWS IF IT WAS OKAY? Turns out it wasn't! You
see in 2019 Americas Billionaires decided they wanted a firmer
hand in the nations politics, so they got our corrupt-for-sale Supreme Court to say that
PACs (Political Action Committees) were just like people in "The
Citizens United"
ruling which represented a turning point on campaign finance, allowing
unlimited election spending by corporations. In this case Billionaire
Jews from Wall Street and Silicon Valley
anonymously put their money into AIPAC (American Israel Public Affairs
Committee), then they spend those millions of dollars to get uppity
Blacks thrown out of office. Note the following news story:
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New York Times
Race and Israel Take Center Stage in Final Bowman-Latimer Debate
By Nicholas Fandos-June 18, 2024
Fighting for his political life ahead of next week’s New York primary,
Representative Jamaal Bowman took broad swipes on Tuesday at his
opponent in the contest’s final debate, accusing him of failing Black
constituents and selling his campaign out to a pro-Israel super PAC.
Mr. Bowman, who is Black, charged that George Latimer, his white
challenger, had slow-walked desegregation as Westchester County
executive and had done too little to close the wealth gap between Black
and white families.
He repeatedly sought to portray Mr. Latimer as a lackey of the American
Israel Public Affairs Committee, the bipartisan pro-Israel lobby that
has spent a record-shattering $14 million trying to defeat Mr. Bowman
over his criticisms of Israel.“He claims to be a Democrat, but he is
supported by racist MAGA Republicans who support taking your voting
rights — gutting your abortion rights,” Mr. Bowman, 48, said, referring
to some of the group’s conservative donors. Mr. Latimer, 70, was having none of it. He forcefully denied each
claim, saying that Mr. Bowman was “cornering the market on lies” in a
desperate attempt to reverse a race that polls indicate he is losing.
He trumpeted his own record producing affordable housing and investing
in communities of color.
“This is an example of using race as a weapon,” Mr. Latimer said at one
point. “What we need to do is bring people together.” The hourlong
debate hosted by the television station PIX11 was a fitting coda to an
exceedingly caustic contest that has laid bare Democrats’ deep
divisions over the war in Gaza, but also race, class and ideology. The
district in the Bronx and Westchester County contains some of the
nation’s wealthiest white suburbs and an influential Jewish community,
but nearly half its residents are African American or Latino. The
winner of the primary is expected to easily hold the overwhelmingly
Democratic district in November’s general election.
On Tuesday, the two candidates once again laid out sharply divergent
views on the Israel-Hamas war. Mr. Bowman reiterated positions that
have inspired AIPAC’s attacks and caused many local Jewish leaders to
abandon him. He once again condemned Hamas but characterized Israel’s
war as a “genocide” and urged President Biden to “stop all funding” to
the American ally. Mr. Latimer, on the other hand, said Hamas was
largely to blame for the more than 30,000 civilian casualties in Gaza
and defended Mr. Biden’s approach.
The exchange grew heated.
Mr. Bowman accused Mr. Latimer of ignoring Palestinian suffering. “Say
‘Palestine,’” he said. “Acknowledge the Palestinian people. Let me see
you do that.” “I can say the word ‘Palestine,’” Mr. Latimer retorted.
“Can you say the word ‘truth’?”Later, when pressed by a moderator, Mr.
Latimer also offered measured criticism of Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu, saying the Israeli leader was “wrong” to attack Mr. Biden
for holding up weapon transfers.
There were other areas of policy disagreement.
Mr. Latimer said that an executive order that prevents migrants from
seeking asylum at the U.S.-Mexico border when crossings surge was “a
step in the right direction.” Mr. Bowman, though, said he was alarmed
Mr. Biden was “taking a conservative approach.”
The congressman reiterated his support for a bill that would disburse
$14 trillion in reparations to offset the continued harm of slavery.
Mr. Latimer said he supported studying the matter but said the
legislation backed by his opponent was “not a serious bill.” And while
Mr. Latimer said he opposed opening supervised injection sites in
Westchester County, like those in New York City, Mr. Bowman said he
supported them.
At other points, the candidates reopened old fights over racial representation.
In the last debate, Mr. Latimer accused Mr. Bowman, a member of the
House’s left-wing “squad,” of ignoring constituents “who are not Black
or brown.” The congressman called the charge racist at the time, and on
Tuesday he added that it was also baseless.
“We represent the entire district,” Mr. Bowman said, adding, “I do pay
extra attention to the parts of the district that he has been trying to
keep segregated for decades and he has neglected his entire career."
Mr. Latimer, who has especially strong support among suburban white
voters, sought to convey that he understood and valued the perspectives
of other groups. “I have major African Americans in positions of
importance,” he said.
Mr. Bowman’s allies, at least, were unimpressed. They quickly turned
the quote into a social media meme, splicing together an image of Mr.
Latimer with a mug shot of former President Donald J. Trump.
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UPDATE: Bowman looses badly in primary election.
Then there is the "Albino Historians" Suckerization of Blacks
We have been at this for a long time, and though we often became
disheartened, it now seems that our "Coconut Brethren" in the Islands
has joined the fray - said with love of course. Instead of continuing
to have Albinos tell them about themselves, they have like us, decided
to do their OWN RESEARCH!
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Explanation of the term "Coconut".
Many years ago I attended a very famous Caribbean festival called
"The West Indian Day Parade Carnival" it is an annual celebration of
West Indian culture, held annually on around the first Monday of
September (Labor Day) in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York City. It is
organized by the West Indian American Day Carnival Association (WIADCA).
The main event is the West Indian Day Parade (also known as simply the Labor Day Parade), which attracts between one and three million
participants. The spectators and participators watch and follow the
parade on its route along Eastern Parkway. Some of the Caribbean
islands represented in the parade include Trinidad and Tobago, Haiti,
Barbados, Dominica, Saint Lucia, Jamaica, Saint Vincent and Grenada,
along with some Afro-Panamanians. Mainland Caribbean countries such as
Guyana, Suriname, and Belize also participate as well.
During the parade I would hear the Black Americans in the crowd exclaim
"Coconuts this or Coconuts that" and I began to worry. But it didn't
take me long to figure out that it was being said with respect and
fondness.
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THE CLOVIS PEOPLE
East Asian People (Mongols)
who crossed the Bering
Straits to enter the Americas
Caribbean Map
I don't recall who said "Each one, Teach one", but it doesn't work if
the message is written down. The adage "If you want to hide something
from Blacks, put it in writing: they won't read it is in play! I was
having a
conversation with a reader who had written in and asked what help we
needed to spread the message. I answered none, and I used the example
of
after over twenty years of telling Americans that they are NOT
Africans, the overwhelming majority of Black Americans still call
themselves "AfroAmericans." Them that get it do, them that don't, don't.
ESPNs Stephen A. Smith mentioned that his parents were originally from
St.Thomas Virgin Islands, and it became clear that as is typical of Black Americans, Stephen
who is educated and Rich, has still fallen for the LIE history the
Albinos created for themselves, and anybody else stupid enough to fall
for it. NO PEOPLE - ALBINOS CANNOT BE THE FIRST HUMANS AND MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE! They
have only existed for 6-12,000 years - their reckoning, not mine.
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If
Stephen had a little more curiosity about himself rather than simply
accepting the Albinos pronouncement that he was simply another Negro
from deepest darkest Africa whose ancestors couldn't run fast enough.
Then he might have thought to look-up Virgin Islands history, which
would have yielded him this:
History of the Virgin Islands
The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica
Pre-Columbian inhabitants of the islands probably included the Arawak,
who were displaced by the Caribs; the latter had reached the stage of
stone polishing and pottery making when Christopher Columbus arrived.
On his second voyage, in 1493, Columbus dropped anchor at what is now
known as Salt River Bay, St. Croix (which he called Santa Cruz), and
sent a landing party ashore in search of fresh water and fruit. After a
skirmish, the Caribs repulsed the Spanish. Columbus later encountered
some of the other islands and named the group Santa Ursula y las Once
Mil Virgenes (St. Ursula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins). In 1555 the Holy Roman emperor, Charles V (Charles I of Spain),
sent forces that defeated the Caribs, claimed the territory, and
ordered the annihilation of the natives. By 1596 most of the natives
had been killed or had left.
In 1666 St. Thomas was occupied by Denmark, which five years later
founded a colony there to supply the mother country with sugar, cotton,
indigo, and other products. Slaves from Africa were first introduced to
St. Thomas in 1673 to work the cane fields, but the first regular
consignment of slaves did not arrive until 1681. In 1684 the Danes
claimed neighbouring St. John, which had been used primarily as a base
by buccaneers. Denmark colonized the island with planters from St.
Thomas in 1717. In 1733 they abandoned St. John after slaves rebelled,
staged an uprising, and held the island for six months. They then
purchased St. Croix, which had been in the possession of the French
since 1651. Slaves continued to be imported from Africa; by 1742 there were 1,900 on St. Croix alone,
and sugar production was bringing prosperity to the islands. The group
came under the Danish crown in 1754, and the following year Charlotte
Amalie was made a free port. The British occupied the islands from 1801
to 1802, and in the next year, 1803, the slave trade was abolished in
the Danish West Indies. The British reoccupied the islands from 1807 to
1815, after which they reverted to Danish rule until 1917. Slavery
itself was abolished in 1848 after a serious uprising in that year.
Sugarcane production dropped, and there was a general decline in
economic activity.
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Stephen - these are the "REAL and Complete" slavery numbers for the Virgin Islands
As you can see, those numbers in the Encyclopædia Britannica article above are made-up nonsense.
The evidence shows that few African Slaves were imported into those Islands, which makes it likely that
YOU ARE A CARIB!
Or a Taino!
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The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
The second and third voyages of Christopher Columbus
The gold, parrots, spices, and human captives Columbus displayed for
his sovereigns at Barcelona convinced all of the need for a rapid
second voyage. Columbus was now at the height of his popularity, and he
led at least 17 ships out from Cádiz on September 25, 1493.
Colonization and Christian evangelization were openly included this
time in the plans, and a group of friars shipped with him. The presence
of some 1,300 salaried men with perhaps 200 private investors and a
small troop of cavalry are testimony to the anticipations for the
expedition.
Sailing again via Gomera in the Canary Islands, the fleet took a more
southerly course than on the first voyage and reached Dominica in the
Lesser Antilles on November 3. After sighting the Virgin Islands, it
entered Samaná Bay in Hispaniola on November 23. Michele de Cuneo,
deeply impressed by this unerring return, remarked that “since Genoa
was Genoa there was never born a man so well equipped and expert in
navigation as the said lord Admiral.”
An expedition to Navidad four days later was shocked to find the
stockade destroyed and the men dead. Here was a clear sign that Taino
resistance had gathered strength. More fortified places were rapidly
built, including a city, founded on January 2 and named La Isabela for
the queen. On February 2 Antonio de Torres left La Isabela with 12
ships, some gold, spices, parrots, and captives (most of whom died en
route), as well as the bad news about Navidad and some complaints about
Columbus’s methods of government. While Torres headed for Spain, two of
Columbus’s subordinates, Alonso de Ojeda and Pedro Margarit, took
revenge for the massacre at Navidad and captured slaves.
In March Columbus explored the Cibao Valley (thought to be the
gold-bearing region of the island) and established the fortress of St.
Thomas (Santo Tomás) there. Then, late in April, Columbus led the Niña
and two other ships to explore the Cuban coastline and search for gold
in Jamaica, only to conclude that Hispaniola promised the richest
spoils for the settlers. The admiral decided that Hispaniola was indeed
the biblical land of Sheba and that Cuba was the mainland of Cathay. On
June 12, 1494, Columbus insisted that his men swear a declaration to
that effect—an indication that he intended to convince his sovereign he
had reached Cathay, though not all of Columbus’s company agreed with
him. The following year he began a determined conquest of Hispaniola,
spreading devastation among the Taino. There is evidence, especially in the objections of a friar, Bernardo Buil, that Columbus’s methods remained harsh.
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World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - US Virgin Islands
Wherever Albinos are involved in writing History - you get this kind of nonsense.
The Virgin Islands were originally settled by the indigenous Ciboney,
Kalinago (Carib), and Taino (Arawaks). The area was named by Columbus
(1493) in honor of Saint Ursula and her 10,000 virgin followers. Over
the next two hundred years, the territory changed hands between various European powers, no permanent settlements were made but the indigenous groups were annihilated. > BY WHOM? This
sets-up the Albino lie history that since the natives were all killed
off, the current Black inhabitants MUST have been African Slaves!
The Danish West India Company eventually colonized Saint Thomas in
1672, settled on Saint John in 1694, and purchased Saint Croix from
France in 1733. They continued to hold it until 1754 when Frederick V,
king of Denmark, bought the territory and made them royal Danish
colonies. The Danes were major participants in the maritime
transportation of slaves and began importing shiploads of enslaved
Africans to the Virgin Islands in 1673. During the 18th and 19th
centuries, the Islands flourished as a major slave trading centre and
producer of sugar. The slave trade was banned by the Danish government
in 1792 but slavery continued and 56 years later a slave revolt on
Saint Croix led to immediate emancipation in July 1848.
With the loss of African slave labour the economy of the Virgin Islands
disintegrated. The United States eventually bought it from Denmark
during World War I (1917) for US$25 million and built a naval station
to protect the Panama Canal from German submarines. From 1917 to 1931
the US Department of the Navy governed the territory. Virgin Islanders
became US citizens in 1927 and after World War II the Islands once
again prospered largely due to US federal aid, and tourism.
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The Albinos put their names to lying nonsense like above because they
think we actually believe their stupidness about a few hundred Spanish
soldiers defeating the Aztec, then the Inca, with just their Guns,
Cannon, Steel Swords and Spears. Though the Americans didn't have Metal
weapons, the weapons they did have were very effective; combined with
their numbers, they would have made quick work of the Spanish.
Mayans in battle using their Weapons.
Pause for Identification
As you can see from our "Tomb Murals" we Maya are BLACK PEOPLE, some of us are VERY Black!
Yet our Central Asia Albinos wish to replace us with THEIR MULATTOES!
When you Google "Mayan People" this is what you get.
When Mayans play "Dress-up" THIS is what they look like!
We were, and continue to be an advanced people and Culture. When the Albinos destroyed
our Cities and Culture, we did not runaway to the forest and Hide, we continued ON!
Our last upraising was The Caste War of Yucatán in 1847.
The Caste War of Yucatán began with the revolt of native Maya people of
the Yucatán Peninsula against Hispanic populations, called Yucatecos.
Those people had long held political and economic control of the region.
A combination of several different forces allowed for genocide to occur in colonial Yucatan.
Forced and coerced conversion to Christianity was one way in which the Spanish practiced
cultural genocide against the Maya. Other methods of cultural genocide included destroying
religious and cultural centers.
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This is an artists concept of what Jacinto Pat looked like.
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By the time that war was over in 1901, we had been fighting the Spanish
for over 400 years, and our last great leader had been assassinated.
But its still not over!
We are the inheritors of the Olmec Civilization, and together we span over 8,000 years of Civilization and progress.
So to think that we would allow Albinos to destroy us, regardless of their weaponry, is just more Albino fantasy.
And YES of course: being Albinos in the Tropics, they can't stay out in the Sun, so they ENSLAVED Us.
Continuing with the History:
But actually what happened is that the
Aztec and Inca had developed the ritual killing of young "MONGOL" girls
as offerings to their Gods. When the Spanish arrived the Mongols saw
this as an opportunity to join with the Spanish and end the Inca/Aztec
tyranny. Note: there is no evidence that the Maya engaged in Human
Sacrifice. Also, it took the Spanish and their Mongol Allies almost 400
years to finally defeat the Maya.
Inca Mongol sacrifice
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Actual History of how the Inca were defeated
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Mayan Weapons: From Spears to Cotton Armor
Maup van de Kerkhof | Ancient Civilizations, Military | October 10, 2023
The ancient Maya civilization
was known for its formidable array of weapons. From spears to blowguns,
a Mayan warrior was always equipped with the best weapons available.
The classic Maya civilization used a wide range of weapons, including
spears, blowguns, and slings. Most of the weapons were crafted from
strong stones, like obsidian and chert. The stone was shaped into spear
points or darts. On the other hand, the clubs and bows were made from
the wood collected around the city-states. Many ancient Maya weapons
were therefore a combination of stone and wood.
The Maya weapons were not
just made of obsidian or chert stone by coincidence. These were
abundant natural resources and some of the hardest and sharpest stones
around – perfect material for the Maya civilization to make weapons
with. Obsidian and Chert - Obsidian stone is a sort of volcanic glass,
known for its razor-like edges and its long durability. It forms when
lava cools rapidly, creating a smooth, hard, and glassy substance.
Because it was so light, obsidian points could easily be used to
decorate a wooden stick and make a spear. Obsidian, also, had religious
implications for the Mayans. On the other hand, chert was readily
available across the Mayan area and was a close second when it comes to
materials used for making ancient Mayan weaponry. It is less sharp than
obsidian, however, but it is a bit harder and therefore more durable.
Also, while obsidian only
comes in black, chert can be found in several different colors. This
gave the Mayan culture a way to express themselves through their
weapons. What is the Famous Mayan Weapon? The atlatl, also known as the
spear-thrower, was an important weapon utilized by the Maya
civilization. Actually, it’s potentially the most famous one. According
to cultural anthropology, the atlatl was a handheld device used for
propelling spears or darts with increased force and accuracy. It
consisted of a long, narrow wooden shaft with a hook or spur on one
end. Its effectiveness in combat was unparalleled, making it the
deadliest weapon in Maya warfare. By utilizing the leverage generated
by the device, Mayan warriors could launch projectiles with greater
speed and distance.
The importance of the atlatl
can also be seen in the hunting habits of the Mayans. It was an easy
tool to approach their prey from a safe distance, assuring that they
wouldn’t be attacked when they were hunting dangerous animals like
jaguars. While the macuahuitl was also a famous weapon within the
arsenal of Maya weaponry, the atlatl was the one that was truly
developed and used by the Mayans. That is to say, the macuahuitl was
not exclusively a Mayan weapon since it was widely used by several
Mesoamerican cultures. The atlatl was certainly the most popular among
the long-distance weapons of the Mayans. The spear or dart was placed
on the shaft of the weapon, secured by the spur. The user had to hold
onto the opposite end and channel its energy so that the arrow or spear
could be thrown with the greatest accuracy. Actually, a spear
reportedly could pierce the Spaniards’ metal armor.
Outside the atlatl, the
Mayans employed a diverse range of weapons. Both close-range weapons
and long-distance weapons were popular, including the macuahuitl,
spears, slings, the bow and arrow, and blowguns. These weapons were
crafted with ingenuity, skill, and an intimate knowledge of the
materials available to them. The Mayans used a variety of close-range
weapons. Whether it was the sharp edge of the macuahuitl or just the
everyday knife and daggers, the close-range weapons played an important
role in endemic warfare.
The Mayans also used a range
of axes, knives, and daggers. The axes had sharp blades made of stone
or metal, attached to wooden handles. They were used for chopping,
slashing, and delivering powerful strikes to their enemies. They also
served as practical tools for around the house and during hunting. The
knives were typically made of stone or animal bones and were convenient
for hand-to-hand fighting or for stealthy assassinations.
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Metallurgy in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica
The emergence of metallurgy in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica occurred
relatively late in the region's history, with distinctive works of
metal apparent in West Mexico by roughly 800 CE, and perhaps as early
as 600 CE. Metallurgical techniques likely diffused northward from
regions in Central or South America via maritime trade routes;
recipients of these metallurgical technologies apparently exploited a
wide range of material, including alloys of copper-silver,
copper-arsenic, copper-tin and copper-arsenic-tin. Metal items crafted throughout Mesoamerica may be broken into three
classes: utilitarian objects, objects used for individual
ornamentation, and ceremonial/ritual objects. The latter two categories
comprise the bulk of distinctly Mesoamerican artifacts, with metals
playing a particularly important role in the sacred and symbolic
cultural realms.
West Mexico
The earliest and most diverse finds of metal artifacts are from West
Mexico stretching in a belt along the Pacific coast from Guerrero to
Nayarit. This indicates that this region was a regional nucleus of
metallurgy, from which elements of technique, form and style could
have diffused throughout Mesoamerica.
Southern Mexico
The Mixtec civilization have long been thought to be the dominant
goldsmiths of post-classic Mesoamerica. A large number of gold
artifacts found in central and southern Mexico have been attributed to
the Mixtec.
Central Mexico
There is recent evidence that suggests that the Aztec civilization was
a distinct locus of metallurgy, though gold objects from this area
had previously been attributed to the Mixtec.
Huastec area
Some locally produced artifacts have been found in late-postclassic sites in the La Huasteca region.
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Inca Gold
This is what all the death and destruction the Spanish and Portuguese brought with them was all about.
Silly, but to a country of little industry, theft of valuables from others is a reliable way to gain wealth.
That is why every country has a criminal underbelly that engages in same.
But of course Spain is not the only WHITE European country to build its
modern Cities on property stolen from Black Civilizations. Just imagine
what Spain and Portugal would look like without the Wealth they stole
from the Americas and the Philippines. What would White Britain look
like without the Wealth stolen from the Americas and India? What would
White France look like without the Wealth stolen from Egypt and other
places by Napoleon? And of course White Germany acquired all the Wealth
of the Black "Holy Roman Empire" after its defeat in the Thirty Years
War, and its dissolution on August 6, 1806.
Which brings us to the Maroons
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Jamaican
Maroons descend from Africans who freed themselves from slavery on the
Colony of Jamaica and established communities of free black people in
the island's mountainous interior, primarily in the eastern parishes.
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Are you starting to see where and how Albinos get the lies and nonsense they teach you?
Lets add another dose of REALITY to our Albinos already fragile Psyke.
More on Maroons
Universally,
around the World, the Albinos try to hide the Black past by claiming
that ALL Blacks not in Africa are there because they came as Slaves.
In
Jamaica, to which Albinos imported almost a million Africans over the
Slave trading years, the Albinos taught the people that their Black
storied Countryman "The Maroons" were ESCAPED Slaves.
Albinos even
Claim that Black ARABS came to the Middle-East as Slaves. So with the
lies of Albinos in mind, we offer this history of Jamaica from "The
World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples": keeping in mind
that Albinos are in the UN too.
Quote: Beatings and torture were rampant. Many died from overwork and
starvation. Life expectancy of a West African slave in Jamaica was 7
years. That is why so many Africans were imported into Jamaica. The
British slave trade was abolished in 1807.
History of Jamaica - Jamaican Embassy
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© UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Jamaica
Jamaica is the third largest island of the Greater Antilles chain.
It is located south of Cuba in the Caribbean Sea. The total land area is 10,991 sq km.
History
Pre-colonial
The original inhabitants of Jamaica were the indigenous Taíno, an
Arawak-speaking people who began arriving on Hispaniola by canoe from
the Belize and the Yucatan peninsula sometime before 2000 BCE. From
there they colonized the large islands like Jamaica and the rest of the
Caribbean in conjunction with waves of indigenous people who had also
sailed up from the Orinoco/Amazon region of South America. The name
Jamaica is derived from Xaymaca, the Taíno-Arawak name for the island,
which translates, as 'isle of springs'.
Early colonial
Jamaica was charted by Christopher Columbus during his second voyage
and the first Europeans to arrive on the island were the Spanish in
1509. With no obvious gold reserves to be mined, the Spanish were slow
to settle the territory. Nevertheless it was well populated so the
Spanish made Xaymaca a major location for 'slaving' expeditions to
capture the indigenous inhabitants. From there they were taken as
forced labourers to mine whatever gold could be found on Hispaniola
(Haiti/Dominican Republic).
The first Spanish settlement on Xaymaca was finally established in
1523. The area is still known as Spanish Town. Jamaica became a Spanish
agricultural colony, producing crops that were indigenous to the
island. As fledgling cacao and tobacco industries grew there was a need
for labour. The shortfall was met by importing Africans captured on the
West African coast. Over time some of these new imports also escaped
into the mountains.
Maroons
The largest early single exodus of Africans away from slavery came when
the British invaded Jamaica in 1655 and expelled the Spanish. A large
number of Africans escaped into the hills and mountains and linked up
with the indigenous Taíno thereby laying the foundations for the
formation of the Maroon settlements. The name 'Maroon' comes from the
Spanish word cimarrón, roughly translated as 'wild' or 'untamed'. Over
time the Maroons came to control large areas of the Jamaican interior
and from their hide-outs would regularly descend to raid the
plantations.
Jamaica was formally ceded to England in 1670 under the provisions of
the Treaty of Madrid. During the late 1600s growing numbers of English
immigrants arrived. The sugar, cacao, forest and other agricultural
industries initiated by the Spanish were rapidly expanded; creating an
ever-increasing demand for plantation labour. This led to the
large-scale importation of hundreds of thousands of Africans in chains
to provide forced labour. Jamaica soon developed into one of the
principal slave-trading centres in the Caribbean. In 1692 Port Royal,
the main Jamaican slave market, was destroyed by an earthquake.
Kingston was established nearby shortly thereafter and slave trading
continued. So did maroonage. Maroons had well-organized communities
based on traditional African structures and over the centuries
developed a good knowledge of the island's terrain. As a result many
Africans seeking to escape plantation slavery sought sanctuary with
them and constantly enlarged their numbers. The two main Maroon groups
were the Trelawny Town Maroons - led by Cudjoe - and the Windward
Maroons - led by Queen Nanny and Quao. Maroon communities were an
enormous threat to Jamaican plantation society and economic security.
Since slaves were 'purchased', the need to retrieve the disappearing
'investments' prompted the British to seek solutions as far away as the
Central American coast. In 1720 the British signed a treaty with the
King of the Miskito Coast of Nicaragua to provide 50 able-bodied men to
assist the Jamaican plantation owners in their struggle against runaway
slaves (see Nicaragua). Ultimately the British were forced to send an
army into the hills to destroy the Maroon settlements.
Maroon War
The Maroon War (1730-39) demonstrated the difficulty in trying to
remove the Maroons. The conflict only ended when Maroon leaders agreed
to a truce. It allowed them to keep their own autonomous region of the
island. The Maroons gained control of large areas of land, however the
deal also included an agreement to return runaway slaves and to help to
the British in putting down revolts or outside invasions from colonial
rivals.
A major dissenter was Queen Nanny of the Windward Maroons. This famous
female Maroon military leader disagreed with the degree of control the
British had gained since it ended the option of sanctuary to those
still enslaved. Queen Nanny was an Ashanti from West Africa who, along
with her five brothers, had escaped from enslavement soon after
arriving in Jamaica. Much of the wartime Maroon leadership came from
this Ashanti warrior family including Accompong, Cuffy, Johnny and the
two signatories to the agreement Cudjoe and Quao. The truce meant that
from then on any escapees would be forced to seek sanctuary off the
island. Options that existed were the coast of Central America and
Puerto Rico, where the Spanish offered runaways asylum and land in
exchange for defending the island against the British (see Puerto
Rico). With the Maroon problem largely settled, British sugar interests
made vast fortunes. Over a million Africans were taken to Jamaica and
enslaved. Moreover, having controlled maroonage, the British were able
to avoid any build-up to events like the rebellion that took place in
Haiti (1801).
Abolition
As a consequence the anti-slavery fight in Jamaica was left largely in
the hands of religious organizations and abolitionists. The next major
uprising did not take place until 1831 when a 31-year-old Jamaican born
Baptist preacher and abolitionist named Sam Sharpe organized a general
strike against slavery in the western parishes. The draconian response
led to an eight-day upheaval resulting in the deaths of 14 white
planters/overseers and over 180 Africans. In addition to the brutal
reprisal, the courts handed out 138 death sentences. After being
hanged, the convicted were decapitated and their heads placed in
conspicuous spots on their plantations as a further deterrent. Slavery
in Jamaica was abolished in 1833 by an act of the British Parliament
that made US $30 million available as compensation to slave owners. In
contrast it required that the nearly 310,000 liberated slaves provide
an extra six years of compulsory but paid labour, which was termed
'apprenticeship'. The system proved unmanageable and apprenticeship was
prematurely terminated in 1838.
Free villages
Following abolition, many Afro-Jamaicans sought land holdings of their
own on which to establish their lives and these became the basis for
the establishment of the free villages and townships.
This search for autonomy was stimulated by the harsh treatment doled
out to former slaves by resentful planters. In many cases wages were
low and they charged high rents making payment difficult and leading to
eviction from plantation buildings. With the money accumulated through
apprenticeship some newly liberated Afro-Jamaicans either bought random
sections of land that had been subdivided for sale by planters who
needed money quickly, or obtained lots from planters who had abandoned
their properties and hoped to recover some of their losses.
Lots were purchased collectively under the leadership of Protestant
missions such as the Baptist, Moravian, Presbyterian and Methodist
denominations. These faith-based groups then sold small lots to their
congregation. Many free Africans who had no money simply became
squatters on vacant lands and continued the cultivation of many of the
food crops the colonial government had exported before emancipation.
Free villages grew rapidly in Jamaica from 2,014 in 1838 to over 7,800
in 1840 and more than 50,000 in 1859.
Indentureship
With African forced labour no longer readily available, Jamaican
plantation owners looked for alternatives and were encouraged by
British colonial authorities to import indentured labourers from India,
China and Africa.
Under the indentureship system the labourer worked for a specified time
(five years) in return for wages and free passage. After this period
the individual was free to repatriate or find other work. Between 1838
and 1917, 21,500 East Indians from colonial India immigrated to
Jamaica. However, apart from wages and the legally defined service
period, East Indian indentured labourers were treated just as harshly
as the enslaved Africans they replaced. Nevertheless, after their
contracts the majority remained in the country adding to the
multicultural mix. In addition to East Indians about 5,000 Chinese
indentured labourers also immigrated to Jamaica between 1860 and 1893.
They quickly moved off the estates at the end of their contracts and
became mainly engaged in small commerce and food services. Also,
between 1841 and 1867, about 32,000 more West Africans came to Jamaica,
but as indentured labourers (see also British Guiana).
Insurrections
Social and economic conditions for emancipated Africans did not
improve. A combination of limited local employment, plantation closures
and declining international trade resulted in an economic crisis.
Oppressive tax laws, discrimination in the courts, and land-exclusion
also caused continuing Afro-Jamaican discontent. This ultimately caused
a widespread insurrection in October 1865 that began as a peaceful
demonstration at the Morant Bay Court House. It was led by an
Afro-Jamaican landowner Paul Bogle, who was protesting against an
unjust trial. The militia fired on the crowd and a riot ensued. In the
unrest that followed martial law was imposed and brutal reprisals were
inflicted. Thousands of houses were burnt, and 489 of the protestors,
including Paul Bogle, were later tried and hanged for treason.
Nevertheless these events did prompt further change. Shortly thereafter
Britain took over more direct control of the island. Jamaica was made a
Crown colony, thereby losing the considerable degree of self-government
that had existed since the late 1600s.
We
do not have enough data to calculate what part of the Jamaicas Black
population is Native and what part is from African Slaves. We know
that a Slaves average lifespan was about seven years. Mate that with
the fact that Maroons did NOT toil as Slaves, which gives them a normal
average mans time of death for those times of 40-50 years - the main reason for this short lifetime was
infectious diseases like tuberculosis.
By the abolition of chattel slavery in 1834, the population of Jamaica had dropped to 311,070 (NIH). Today the population of Jamaica is 2.827 million (2022).
From the
Slave database we can see that between 1701 and 1800: 839,721 African
Slaves were imported into Jamaica. But were those REPLACEMENTS for dead
Slaves, or were they mostly for NEW work?
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BACK TO STEPHEN A. SMITH
Stephen - I'm going to SHOCK you!
These are the "REAL" people Albinos made you believe were WHITE.
Stephen, do you really believe that this fine-upstanding Emperor would MURDER all of those Black people?
The Mulatto Ferdinand II - I'm not so sure about.
OOPS Stephen, I should have said that
YOU might be a "Taino".
Usually Albino purveyors of Black history will often
fill-in with lies,
but they can usually be trusted to get the NAMES right. As you can
see above in Columbus' log, it does not mention Caribs, it mentions Taino's.
This seems like a good place to explain how the Carib wound-up in Maya territory.
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Route of the Carib from St. Vincent
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Roatan People
TERMS USED IN SPANISH SPEAKING AREAS
Here is why we added the TRUE meanings of some spanish race terms.
CIA Country Fact Book
Guatemalan Ethnic groups
Mestizo (mixed Indigenous-Spanish - in local Spanish called Ladino) 56%, Maya 41.7%, Xinca (Indigenous, non-Maya)
1.8%, African descent 0.2%, Garifuna (mixed West and Central African, Island Carib, and Arawak) 0.1%, foreign 0.2% (2018 est.)
How in the hell would a Cracker in the Americas know if a African Slave was from
"West or Central Africa" and what difference could it possibly make?
As we told you, Albinos feel they have the right to add
whatever nonsense they want to our history.
Because they control media, they can get away with it.
In every Cracka General Store, there used to be a Big Wooden Barrel filled with "WHITE CRACKERS".
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Willie died yesterday; the following pictures tell you what kind of a person he was.
New York Giants star Willie Mays plays stickball with the neighborhood kids in Harlem! (1954)
In later life, sportswriters often commented that Willie (the always smiling Say Hey Kid) seemed angry and bitter:
L.A. Times Archives
June 7, 1988 - United Press International
The president of Crown Books said Monday that baseball Hall of Famer
Willie Mays tarnished his
hero image when he charged $10 for autographs
during a stop here on a book-signing tour.
Mays denied that. “I didn’t take a
dime,” he said from his home in Palo Alto, Calif.
Crown officials later
confirmed that Mays left behind the $230 that had been collected.
The reason Willie
was angry is because
EVERYBODY made money
off of him - but HIM!
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MESOAMERICA
(Middle America)
As you can see: "we are all over the place on this page" and we still
haven't gotten to the matter which prompted the creation of this page in the first place.
As you may remember, I came out as a Mayan a while back; following
Albino bullshit you may wonder how I fit in with those millions of
Caribbeans on Eastern Parkway that labor day thirty years ago. Well -
since they all looked just like me, I did just fine.
For clarification; You have seen the Islanders, now lets see some of the MAINLAND people in the
Hemisphere.
The Maya People organized their governmental structure in the same way the even more ancient Sumerians
in what is now Iraq, and Canaanites in what is now Israel and Lebanon did - City States, each with its own Rulers.
The Maya civilization:
The Maya civilization developed in the Maya Region, an area that today comprises southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize, and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador. It includes the northern lowlands of the Yucatán Peninsula and the Guatemalan Highlands of the Sierra Madre, the Mexican state of Chiapas, southern Guatemala, El Salvador, and the southern lowlands of the Pacific littoral plain.
Today, their descendants, known collectively as the Maya, number well
over 6 million individuals, speak more than twenty-eight surviving
Mayan languages, and reside in nearly the same area as their ancestors.
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CIA FACTBOOK
This demographic data is taken from "The World Factbook" also known as the CIA World Factbook.
It is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency with almanac-style information
about the countries of the world. The official print version is available from the Government Publishing Office.
We use it NOT because it's accurate, it's NOT, but because it's better than the alternatives.
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Please pay no attention to the RACIAL breakdowns herein: Albinos have
made lying about racial demographics into an ARTFORM! Take the U.S.
Census, it claims that there are 6x as many Albinos as Blacks in the
U.S. But given any opportunity, Cracka States quickly enact Black Voter
Suppression legislation.
When you "Really" have a 6 to 1 advantage, you don't need to CHEAT to WIN!
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Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database.
The website to the Database is currently hosted at Rice University.
Data:
Guatemala - 2,307 African Slaves were landed between 1601 - 1700
Honduras (Trujillo) 3,344 African Slaves were landed: 2,054 in 1601 to 1625: 1,290 in 1650.
Honduras (port unspecified) 353 African Slaves were landed in 1650.
British Honduras/Belize (Miskito Coast) 83 African Slaves were landed between 1800
British Honduras/Belize (Port unspecified) 940 total: 102 in 1775, 30 in 1800, 808 in 1826.
Clearly the millions of Blacks in these Countries did NOT come from Africa.
(In the face of degenerate liars even the obvious should be proven).
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Albino lying is always annoying, but
sometimes its also mystifying. We pour over whatever first person data
that we can find, then we run into Albino lies, and we wind-up
wondering WHY they Lie? Take for instance the first sighting of Mayans by Europeans.
Background: who were these ancient Maya seafarers? It is believed that
long-distance coastal trade was initially dominated by the so-called
Putun Maya of the Gulf lowlands. Archaeologist J. Eric S. Thompson once
referred to these shrewd and intrepid merchants as “the Phoenicians of
the New World.” Throughout the Terminal and Post-Classic Maya periods,
precious goods and commodities – including jade, pottery, cotton,
obsidian, cacao, and salt – made their way along a coastline stretching
from modern Veracruz to Honduras. The vessel of choice was the dugout
canoe. These were not humble watercraft, but massive affairs. On
Columbus’ fourth voyage, in 1502, his son describes a canoe measuring eight feet wide and 50 feet long, propelled by 25 paddlers and carrying both passengers and cargo.
From Wikipedia
On 30 July 1502, they arrived at Guanaja, one of the Bay Islands off
the coast of Honduras. Christopher sent his brother to scout the
island. As Bartholomew explored, a large trading canoe approached.
Bartholomew Columbus boarded the canoe, and found it was a Maya trading
vessel from Yucatán, carrying well-dressed Maya and a rich cargo. The
Europeans looted whatever took their interest from amongst the cargo
and seized the elderly captain to serve as an interpreter; the canoe
was then allowed to continue on its way. This was the first recorded
contact between Europeans and the Maya. It is likely that news of the
piratical strangers in the Caribbean passed along the Maya trade routes
– the first prophecies of bearded invaders sent by Kukulkan, the
northern Maya feathered serpent god, were probably recorded around this
time, and in due course passed into the books of Chilam Balam.
From the Yucatan Times
The Mayans knew of the existence of Europeans as early as 1502, ten
years after the arrival of Christopher Columbus to the American
continent; when Bartolomé Colón, brother of Christopher Columbus, found
himself in the Gulf of Honduras, which at the time was an unknown
region to the Spanish, surrounded by canoes of Mayan merchants. In
later years, several Spanish explorers passed the coast of the Yucatan
but did not enter those lands. In 1511 the first Iberians (people of
Spain/Portugal) arrived, but shipwrecked. When the soldier Gonzalo
Guerrero, former priest Geronimo de Aguilar and other companions of
his, reached the Mayan coasts after the shipwreck of their galleon, the
only real survivors were Guerrero and Aguilar, who were left as Slaves
of two Mayan rulers, since the others were sacrificed by indigenous
priests.
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Chontal Maya boat - is this accurate? Because of Albino lies you can never be sure.
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Americans paid a heavy price for being isolated from the rest of the
World for so long (150,000 years). For one thing, they held on to Human
Sacrifice too long. The Egyptians gave up Human Sacrifice by around
3,000 B.C. Another; with no others to share "Technology" with,
Americans had to develop everything on their own. The Spanish did not
Invent the weapons they used to kill Americans; on the contrary, they
entered Europe from Central Asia as illiterate "Nomads". Albinos
acquired those weapons as a result of the overthrow of Black European
Rulers. (The Mongols chased ALL Dravidian Albinos out of Asia starting
with the reign of Attila the Hun, and ending when the last Turks were
gone. EXCEPT FOR THE UYGHURS!
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Uyghurs are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally
affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia. The
Uyghurs are recognized as the titular nationality of the Xinjiang
Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwest China. They are one of China's 55
officially recognized ethnic minorities. No one knows why the Uyghurs were allowed to stay in Asia.
By 2,500 B.C. this is the kind of Ship the Egyptians could build.
These are the New Countries created by Albinos from the former Maya Empire.
Mexico Demographics
Population: 127 million
Like the United States, Mexico is a multi-ethnic country, and Mexican
refers to nationality rather than ethnicity. Based on
self-identification, the primary ethnic groups in Mexico are Mestizos
(Spanish/Black Mulattoes) about 55%), Amerindians (Blacks - about 30%),
Whites (Spanish Albinos - 10%), and Afro-Mexicans (African Slaves 3% -
dubious number, refer to Slave database). Spanish descendants make up the largest group of Europeans in Mexico
and a majority of Mexicans have some degree of Spanish descent
(Mulattoes/Mestizos). Most of their ancestors arrived during the
colonial period but further hundreds of thousands have since
immigrated, especially during the Spanish Civil War in the 1930s.
The Mexican War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia de
México, 16 September 1810 – 27 September 1821) was an armed conflict
and political process resulting in Mexico's independence from the
Spanish Empire. It was not a single, coherent event, but local and
regional struggles that occurred within the same period, and can be
considered a revolutionary civil war.
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Guadalupe Victoria, born José
Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix, was a Mexican general and
politician who fought for independence against the Spanish Empire in
the Mexican War of Independence and after the adoption of the
Constitution of 1824, was elected as the first president of the United
Mexican States.
Mexican Albino
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Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña - was the first Black president in the Hemisphere - lots of
Kings and Emperors though. A Mexican soldier and statesman who became the
nation's second president. He was one of the leading generals who
fought against Spain during the Mexican War of Independence. During his
presidency, he abolished slavery in Mexico. Guerrero was deposed in a
rebellion by his Vice-President Anastasio Bustamante.
Mexican Black - no telling if he was Olmec, Aztec, or European.
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Mexico White
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Mexico Mulatto (Mestizo)
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Black Indians
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US - In all of our variations!
Guatemala Demographics
Population 18.2 million
Ethnic groups
Mestizo (mixed Indigenous-Spanish - in local Spanish called Ladino)
56%, Maya 41.7%, Xinca (Indigenous, non-Maya) 1.8%, African descent
0.2%, Garifuna (mixed West and Central African, Island Carib, and
Arawak) 0.1%, foreign 0.2% (2018 est.)
Guatemala attained independence from Spain and Mexico in 1821.
Guatemala was part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala for nearly 330
years. This captaincy included what is now Chiapas in Mexico and the
modern countries of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and
Costa Rica. The colony became independent in 1821 and then became a
part of the First Mexican Empire until 1823. From 1824 it was a part of
the Federal Republic of Central America. When the Republic dissolved in
1841, Guatemala became fully independent.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Guatemala's potential for
agricultural exploitation attracted several foreign companies, most
prominently the United Fruit Company (UFC). These companies were
supported by the country's authoritarian rulers and the United States
government through their support for brutal labor regulations and
massive concessions to wealthy landowners. In 1944, the policies of
Jorge Ubico led to a popular uprising that began the ten-year
Guatemalan Revolution. The presidencies of Juan José Arévalo and Jacobo
Árbenz saw sweeping social and economic reforms, including a
significant increase in literacy and a successful agrarian reform
program.
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Juan José Arévalo Bermejo - Guatemalan White
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Juan José Arévalo Bermejo (10 September 1904 – 8 October 1990) was a
Guatemalan statesman and professor of philosophy who became Guatemala's
first democratically elected president in 1945. He was elected
following a popular uprising against the United States-backed dictator
Jorge Ubico that began the Guatemalan Revolution. He remained in office
until 1951, surviving 25 coup attempts. He did not contest the election
of 1951, instead choosing to hand over power to Jacobo Árbenz. As
president, he enacted several social reform policies, including an
increase in the minimum wage and a series of literacy programs. He also
oversaw the drafting of a new constitution in 1945. He is the father of
the current President of Guatemala Bernardo Arévalo
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Guatemalan Black
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Guatemalan Mestizo
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Belize - Demographics of Belize: Population 400,000 +
(Formally British Honduras)
Background:
Belize was the site of several Mayan city states until their decline at
the end of the first millennium A.D. The British and Spanish disputed
the region in the 17th and 18th centuries; it formally became the
colony of British Honduras in 1862. Territorial disputes between the UK
and Guatemala delayed the independence of Belize until 1981. Guatemala
refused to recognize the new nation until 1992, and the two countries
are still involved in an ongoing border dispute. Tourism has become the
mainstay of the economy. Current concerns include the country's heavy
foreign debt burden, high crime rates, high unemployment combined with
a majority youth population, growing involvement in the Mexican and
South American drug trade, and one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence
rates in Central America.
Belize is a country located on the northeast coast of Central America.
Belize, which was known as British Honduras until 1973, was the last
British colony on the American mainland. Its prolonged path to
independence was marked by a unique international campaign (even while
it was still a British colony) against the irredentist claims of its
neighbour Guatemala. Belize achieved independence on September 21,
1981, but it has retained its historical link with the United Kingdom
through membership in the Commonwealth.
The Maya civilization spread into the area of Belize between 1500 BC
and AD 300 and flourished until about 1200. European contact began in
1502–04 when Christopher Columbus sailed along the Gulf of Honduras.
European exploration was begun by English settlers in 1638. Spain and
Britain both laid claim to the land until Britain defeated the Spanish
in the Battle of St. George's Caye (1798). It became a British colony
in 1840, and a Crown colony in 1862. Belize achieved its independence
from the United Kingdom on 21 September 1981. It is the only mainland
Central American country which is a Commonwealth realm, with King
Charles III as its monarch and head of state, represented by a
governor-general.
Take this History - like ALL Albino histories - with a grain of Salt.
Ethnic groups
Mestizo 52.9%, Creole 25.9%, Maya 11.3%, Garifuna 6.1%, East Indian
(India) 3.9%, Mennonite 3.6%, White 1.2%, Asian (Chinese) 1%, other
1.2%, unknown 0.3% (2010 est.)
Creole peoples: Creole peoples may refer to various ethnic groups around the world. The
term's meaning exhibits regional variations, often sparking debate.
Creole peoples represent a diverse array of ethnicities, each
possessing a distinct cultural identity that has been shaped over time.
Wikipedia
El Salvador Demographics
Population 6.6 million
El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in
Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the
northwest by Guatemala, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. El
Salvador's capital and largest city is San Salvador. The country's
population in 2023 was estimated to be 6.5 million. Among the
Mesoamerican nations that historically controlled the region are the
Lenca (after 600 AD), the Mayans, and then the Cuzcatlecs.
Archaeological monuments also suggest an early Olmec presence around
the first millennium B.C.
Ethnic groups
Mestizo 86.3%, White 12.7%, Indigenous 0.2% (includes Lenca, Kakawira, Nahua-Pipil), Black 0.1%, other 0.6% (2007 est.)
Salvadorans fled during the 1979 to 1992 civil war mainly to the United
States but also to Canada and to neighboring Mexico, Guatemala,
Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Emigration to the United States
increased again in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of deteriorating
economic conditions, natural disasters (Hurricane Mitch in 1998 and
earthquakes in 2001), and family reunification. At least 20% of El
Salvador's population lives abroad. The remittances they send home
account for close to 20% of GDP, are the second largest source of
external income after exports, and have helped reduce poverty.
From the late 19th to the mid-20th century, El Salvador endured chronic
political and economic instability characterized by coups, revolts, and
a succession of authoritarian rulers. Persistent socioeconomic
inequality and civil unrest culminated in the Salvadoran Civil War from
1979 to 1992, fought between the military-led government backed by the
United States, and a coalition of left-wing guerrilla groups. The
conflict ended with the Chapultepec Peace Accords. This negotiated
settlement established a multiparty constitutional republic, which
remains in place to this day. During the civil war and afterwards,
large numbers of Salvadorans emigrated to the United States. From 1980
through 2008, nearly one million Salvadorans immigrated to the United
States, such that by 2008, they were the sixth largest immigrant group
in the US.
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El Salvador White
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El Salvador Black
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El Salvador Mestizo
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Honduran Demographics
Population 9.5 million
Honduras was home to several important Mesoamerican cultures, most
notably the Maya, before the Spanish colonization in the sixteenth
century. The Spanish introduced Catholicism and the now predominant
Spanish language, along with numerous customs that have blended with
the indigenous culture. Honduras became independent in 1821 and has
since been a republic, although it has consistently endured much social
strife and political instability, and remains one of the poorest
countries in the Western Hemisphere. In 1960, the northern part of what
was the Mosquito Coast was transferred from Nicaragua to Honduras by
the International Court of Justice.
Honduran society is predominantly Mestizo; however, there are also
significant Indigenous, black, and white communities in Honduras. The
nation had a relatively high political stability until a 2009 military
coup and controversy arising from claims of electoral fraud in the 2017
presidential election. Honduras gained independence from Spain in 1821
and was a part of the First Mexican Empire until 1823, when it became
part of the United Provinces of Central America. It has been an
independent republic and has held regular elections since 1838. In the
1840s and 1850s Honduras participated in several failed attempts at
Central American unity, such as the Confederation of Central America
(1842–1845).
Ethnic groups
Mestizo (mixed Indigenous and Spanish) 90%, Indigenous 7%, African descent 2%, White 1%
Honduras is one of the poorest countries in Latin America and has one
of the world's highest murder rates. More than half of the population
lives in poverty and per capita income is one of the lowest in the
region. Poverty rates are higher among rural and indigenous people and
in the south, west, and along the eastern border than in the north and
central areas where most of Honduras' industries and infrastructure are
concentrated. The increased productivity needed to break Honduras'
persistent high poverty rate depends, in part, on further improvements
in educational attainment. Although primary-school enrollment is near
100%, educational quality is poor, the drop-out rate and grade
repetition remain high, and teacher and school accountability is low.
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Honduran White
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Honduran Black
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Honduran Mestizo
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Yucatán Peninsula
Yucatán Peninsula, a northeastern projection of Central America, lying
between the Gulf of Mexico to the west and north and the Caribbean Sea
to the east. Encompassing some 76,300 square miles (197,600 square km),
it includes the Mexican states of Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Yucatán
and, in the south, large parts of Belize and Guatemala. The peninsula
has a mean breadth of about 200 miles (320 km) and a coastline of about
700 miles (1,100 km).
The Yucatán Peninsula constitutes a significant proportion of the
ancient Maya lowlands and was the central location of the Maya
Civilization. The Maya culture also extended south of the Yucatán
Peninsula into Guatemala, Honduras, and the highlands of Chiapas.[6]
There are many Maya archaeological sites throughout the peninsula; some
of the better-known are Chichen Itza, Coba, Tulum, and Uxmal.[20]
Indigenous Maya and Mestizos of partial Maya descent make up a sizable
portion of the region's population, and Mayan languages are widely
spoken there.
The peninsula is almost wholly composed of beds of coralline and porous
limestone rocks, forming a low tableland that rises gradually toward
the south. It is covered with a layer of thin, dry soil, formed through
a slow weathering of the coral rocks. Where the rocky surface is
perforated, there are natural sinkholes and caverns, around which the
Maya had built their cities and ceremonial centres. The Yucatán Peninsula is the site of the Chicxulub crater impact, which
was created 66 million years ago by an asteroid of about 10 to 15
kilometers (6 to 9 miles) in diameter at the end of the Cretaceous
Period.
Pacific Coast Beaches
(The Pacific littoral plain)
The Pacific is a leading-edge coast, which is the side of a continent
moving towards an oceanic subduction zone. Unlike the Atlantic and Gulf
coasts, the Pacific coast has an extremely narrow continental shelf and
no coastal plain. Much of its shores are composed of coarse sediments
that travel from the mountain ranges, which are relatively close to the
coast. As a result, sediments do not undergo extensive weathering while
traveling to the coast and are coarser than those found on many
Atlantic coast beaches.
Along the coast of the Pacific Northwest, pocket beaches of coarse
sediment are found between rocky headlands and sea cliffs. The Columbia
River is the region's major riverine source of sediment. Much of the California coast contains high sea cliffs and few river
valleys, and in southern California highly erodible bluffs and raised
terraces characterize the coast. This region is prone to erosion
because houses are located directly on cliffs of unconsolidated
material. Because of the narrow continental shelf, the Pacific coast loses
significant amounts of sediment to submarine canyons as it reaches the
coast. Erosion is therefore a problem along Pacific beaches, and
maintaining sediment in this region is a challenge.
A sweltering strip of low-lying, tropical land, some 300km long and
50km wide, Guatemala’s Pacific coast is usually known as La Costa Sur.
Featureless yet fertile, the coastal plain is a land of vast fincas,
dull commerce-driven towns and ramshackle seaside resorts. The main
attraction should be the coastline, though as the sand is black and the
ocean has a dangerous undertow this region is not a big draw for
travellers. But if you’re yearning for some ocean air, and pick your
spot carefully, the coast does have a couple of attractive beaches and
some intriguing attractions dotted along the Pacific highway.
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Copán was the capital city of a major Classic period kingdom from the
5th to 9th centuries AD, when it was closely allied with Tikal. The
city was located in the extreme southeast of the Mesoamerican cultural
region, on the frontier with the Isthmo-Colombian cultural region, and
was almost surrounded by non-Maya peoples. The city is best known for
its elaborate sculptural style. Copán Department, Honduras.
YES - Some of the Pacific Coast Beaches have "BLACK" Sand; read-up on Why.
Having
introduced my natural Homeland (Central America) and providing
the African Slave Numbers - except for northern Mexico - which nobody
seems to know. It should be clear that the image of "Latin America"
Albinos have created, as being the lands of Albino Mulattoes (Mestizos
and many other names) is wrong! As is always the case where Albinos
hold power, and wish to continue doing so, information on the
demographics of the populations is carefully hidden.
This because though the Spanish and Portuguese never
accomplished anything as a people; except they were great at Stealing wealth
from people who did have accomplishments, then killing them, and setting up
systems of "COLORISM" to insure that the Albinos they left behind, and
their nearest Mulattoes, would always be in charge because the ignorant
indigenous people would always pursue WHITENESS as the ultimate Goal.
See Brazil as an abject example.
To "Normal" people it seems ridicules to want to be White and be
susceptible to the Sun and Skin Cancer when you are living in "Tropical Regions",
but then again, being a bit crazy could be a function of just being Albino
with inadequate amounts of MELANIN in the body.
REMEMBER WHY THE PEOPLE OF MISSISSIPPI WENT TO WAR?
And with that we get to the real point of this page:
THE CRAZINESS OF CRACKERS (SOUTHERN ALBINOS).
In the United States today there is great division between the
supporters of the two candidates for President (both of which are
worthless Albinos, except that one: Donald Trump and his supporters are
certifiably "CRAZY". For the last several years they have been throwing
GUN ownership and calls for Civil War around as if those were GOOD things.
Being a historian I know where their craziness can
and DID lead. The last page of "Germany - History of the Black Holy
Roman Empire" AND "Black Britain" are on the subject of the "American
Civil War".
Click the Picture
Then as now; the Planter Class, (today the Billionaire Class) convinced
the lower classes that since they were White, then one day they might
have Slaves of their own, so they needed to fight to defend the
institution of Slavery. When that failed to produce enough recruits
they went to Conscription, and when that failed, they mercilessly
hunted down and executed all who would not serve. The Movie "COLD
MOUNTAIN" (2003) tells that story.
In the North it was RIOTS: The New York City draft riots (July 13–16,
1863), sometimes referred to as the Manhattan draft riots and known at
the time as Draft Week, were violent disturbances in Lower Manhattan,
widely regarded as the culmination of working-class discontent with new
laws passed by Congress that year to draft men to fight in the ongoing
American Civil War. The riots remain the largest civil and most
racially charged urban disturbance in American history. According to
Toby Joyce, the riot represented a "civil war" within the city's Irish
community, in that "mostly Irish American rioters confronted police,
[while] soldiers, and pro-war politicians ... were also to a
considerable extent from the local Irish immigrant community."
President Abraham Lincoln diverted several regiments of militia and
volunteer troops after the Battle of Gettysburg to control the city.
The rioters were overwhelmingly Irish working-class men who did not
want to fight in the Civil War and resented that wealthier men, who
could afford to pay a $300 commutation fee to hire a substitute, were
spared from the draft. At the time a typical laborer's wage was between
$1.00 and $2.00 a day, and the fee was equivalent to $7,400 in 2023.
Initially intended to express anger at the draft, the protests turned
into a race riot against African-Americans by Irish rioters. The Irish
resented the fact that free blacks were paid more than them and did not
need to fear being drafted, whereas the Irish could only avoid the
draft by paying $300. The official death toll was listed at either 119
or 120 individuals. Conditions in the city were such that Major General
John E. Wool, commander of the Department of the East, said on July 16
that "Martial law ought to be proclaimed, but I have not a sufficient
force to enforce it."
The military did not reach the city until the second day of rioting, by
which time the mobs had ransacked or destroyed numerous public
buildings, two Protestant churches, the homes of various abolitionists
or sympathizers, many black homes, and the Colored Orphan Asylum at
44th Street and Fifth Avenue, which was burned to the ground. The
area's demographics changed as a result of the riot. Many black
residents left Manhattan permanently with many moving to Brooklyn.
THE FORCES OF NORTH AND SOUTH WERE ABOUT EVENLY MATCHED; WHICH RESULTED IN A STALEMATE.
THAT DIDN'T CHANGE UNTIL "THESE" TROOPS CAME ON-LINE!
DO YOU THINK THAT CRAZY CRACKA WOMAN WOULD BE SO QUICK TO CALL FOR "CIVIL WAR" IF SHE KNEW THEY WOULD HAVE TO FACE THESE MEN?
By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union Army)
served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.
Nearly 40,000 black soldiers died over the course of the war—30,000 of of them from infection or disease.
CRACKA ALBINOS COULDN'T HARDLY TOUCH THEM, ONLY DISEASE COULD STOP THEM.
Moving laterally to Abraham Lincoln:
Just look, all of this pomp and circumstance for the works of someone who was fundamentally a Grifter.
THE LINCOLN MEMORIAL
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South Wall:
Entitled Emancipation, the south mural above the Gettysburg Address
represents Freedom and Liberty.The central panel shows the Angel of
Truth releasing slaves from the shackles of bondage. On the left hand
side of the mural Justice and Law are represented. On the right hand
side, Immortality is the central figure surrounded by Faith, Hope and
Charity.
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When I was a boy in grade school, a Black teacher (male) seeing that I
was totally engrossed in the Bull-Shit being taught to me about Abraham
Lincoln, sat with me and told me the same "Truth" as you see below.
Knowing that many Blacks today are completely submersed in the legend
of Abe Lincoln emancipator of Negroes or African-Americans if you wish, I have
chosen to present a picture of the truth, lest somebody accuse me of
tampering.
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Ya gotta think things through!
Lincoln was never much of a strategic thinker, or any kind of a
"Thinker" at all really; note the fool wanted to continue with a plan
that the locals hated. With a leader like him, no wonder the North
couldn't make progress before the Black Troops came on-line.
Of course for the rest of us, the stance of the local Albino leaders
makes perfect sense. At the time, there was over 4 million Blacks in
Slavery: 306,000 African Slaves and 4 million plus Native Americans.
This infusion of Blacks would have given the local "Resistance" plenty
enough manpower to overthrow the local Albino governments.
Liberia
Liberia began in the early 19th century as a project of the American
Colonization Society (ACS), which believed black people would face
better chances for freedom and prosperity in Africa than in the United
States. Between 1822 and the outbreak of the American Civil War in
1861, more than 15,000 freed and free-born African Americans, along
with 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocated to Liberia. Gradually developing
an Americo-Liberian identity, the settlers carried their culture and
tradition with them. Liberia declared independence on July 26, 1847
The Americo-Liberian settlers did not relate well to the indigenous
peoples they encountered. Colonial settlements were raided by the Kru
and Grebo from their inland chiefdoms. Americo-Liberians formed into a
small elite that held disproportionate political power; indigenous
Africans were excluded from birthright citizenship in their own land
until 1904.
In 1980, political tensions from the rule of William R. Tolbert
resulted in a military coup, marking the end of Americo-Liberian rule
and the seizure of power of Liberia's first indigenous leader, Samuel
Doe. Establishing a dictatorial regime, Doe was assassinated in 1990 in
the context of the First Liberian Civil War which ran from 1989 until
1997 with the election of rebel leader Charles Taylor as president. In
1998, the Second Liberian Civil War erupted against his own
dictatorship, and Taylor was overthrown by the end of the war in 2003.
The two wars resulted in the deaths of 250,000 people (about 8% of the
population) and the displacement of many more, with Liberia's economy
shrinking by 90%. A peace agreement in 2003 led to democratic elections
in 2005. The country has remained relatively stable since then.
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Chiriquí Province, Panama.
As you can see, either Lincoln was a "Backwoods Idiot" or modern
writers are making it up.
Either way Albinos seem to have a problem
with reality and fantasy, note Benjamin Franklin has the same problem
below.
Albinos always have the SAME fantasy:
PLEASE GO AWAY AND LET US ENJOY WHAT WE STOLE FROM YOU - IN PEACE!!
BACK TO THE MILITARY
Black American Service and Racial Integration in the U.S. Military
Please remember that this was prepared and written by Albinos;
people who don't need much of an excuse to lie about Racial Issues.
Though full integration of the U.S. military was not established until
the middle of the 20th century, African Americans have served in
American conflicts since before the United States was a free nation.
Over time, the presence of black soldiers, sailors, regiments, and
squadrons would grow until the value and importance of African American
servicemen and women could no longer be ignored by leaders bent on
resisting change.
Formal African American service in the American military dates from the
Revolutionary War. Many freemen and some slaves already served in
Northern colonial militias to protect their homes during conflicts with
indigenous tribes. The service numbers rose in 1770 in response to the
death of Crispus Attucks, an African American believed to be the first
casualty at the Boston Massacre. While George Washington was initially
reluctant to recruit black soldiers, military necessity later made him
relent.
The most prominent African American soldiers in the American Revolution
served in the 1st Rhode Island Regiment, which recruited enough black
and Native American soldiers to form more than half of its 225-man
total. It was the only regiment in the Continental Army to have
segregated units. The 1st Rhode Island Regiment had its most noteworthy
action protecting the Colonial withdrawal from Aquidneck Island during
the Battle of Rhode Island (August 1778).
Southern colonies, fearing that arming slaves would lead to revolts,
opposed the use of slaves in Patriot militia, though some would serve
in isolated instances. The British, however, recruited heavily from the
South, promising freedom to any slave who fought for the Loyalist
cause. Consequently, while an estimated 9,000 black soldiers and
sailors fought for the Continental Army, nearly 20,000 fought for the
British.
After the Revolutionary War, African Americans were pushed out of
military service. The Federal Militia Acts of 1792 specifically
prohibited black service in the U.S. Army. As a result, few African
Americans participated on the side of the United States during the War
of 1812. Only Louisiana was allowed to have separate black militia
units in that conflict. Due to a manpower shortage, the U.S. Navy
accepted free black recruits in that conflict, making up 15% to 20% of
Navy manpower. Many slaves also served in the British Navy in
anticipation of gaining their freedom.
During the Civil War, the Union formally established and maintained
regiments of black soldiers. This became possible in 1862 through
passage of the Confiscation Act, which freed the slaves of rebellious
slaveholders, and the Militia Act, which authorized the president to
use former slaves as soldiers. President Lincoln was initially
reluctant to recruit black soldiers. This changed in January 1863, with
the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring freedom for all slaves in
Confederate states.
The first black regiments to serve in the Civil War were volunteer units made up of free black men.
The total of these Free Black Troops was 210,292; the places they
came from is indicated on the Map. Obviously they were European English
or Latin speakers (Britain spoke English - the Holy Roman Empire
spoke Latin
and Greek). This is a safe and logical conclusion because the only
other Black Humans in the Americas were NATIVE INDIANS AND AFRICAN
SLAVES. Albinos have not seen fit to tell us
the truth about the casualties of the Thirty Years War and the two
British Civil Wars, and where they sent the survivors. But as you can
see some were certainly dispersed all across the United States:
logically the
rest would have been scattered across the Caribbean.
After the Wars, the Black survivors
were shipped to the Americas as Slaves or Indentures. For many years
English ships ran the route of the Ship Jamaica Galley, which was
Rotterdam Germany to pickup Palatines (Blacks), then on to Cowes in
England to pickup British Blacks, then on to American ports to deliver
the Slaves and indentures. The archive has been updated to include
"Search" by Ships name and "Ports" of departure and arrival, but most
importantly there is now lists of [Jacobite Rebellion Ships] bringing Prisoners to the Americas.
Palatines were the citizens and
princes of the Palatinates, Holy Roman States that served as capitals
for the Holy Roman Emperor. After the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in
1806, the nationality referred more specifically to residents of the
Rhenish Palatinate, known simply as "the Palatinate". Wikipedia
The Jacobite rising of 1715 was the
attempt by James Edward Stuart to regain the thrones of England,
Ireland and Scotland for the exiled Stuarts. At Braemar, Aberdeenshire,
local landowner the Earl of Mar raised the Jacobite standard on 27
August. Wikipedia
The Jacobite rising of 1745 was an
attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the British throne for his
father, James Francis Edward Stuart. Wikipedia
Why are they called Jacobites? The
Jacobites were the supporters of King James VII of Scotland and II of
England. The Latin for James is Jacobus.
The House of Stuart was a very old House of Black Kings.
Researchers please be aware, this
archive is compiled and maintained by Albinos. Whenever they make a
mistake and leave Racially identifiable material behind, they quickly
remove it. So that you need other methods to distinguish between Blacks
and Albinos.
For
those wishing to trace family linage, please do not write us for
help, everything we have has already been published on the site.
However we can say that the best bet is to scour the passenger lists of
immigrant Ships leaving Germany and Britain just after the Wars. Hint:
the Holy Roman Empire survivors were often referred to as "Palatines".
<< Click here for link to Immigrant Ship list >>
War Continued:
In May 1863, the War Department established the Bureau of Colored
Troops for the purpose of recruiting from the African-American
population. Existing volunteer units were converted into United States
Colored Troops (USCT) regiments. By the end of the conflict, there were
175 USCT regiments, containing 178,000 enlisted soldiers, approximately
10% of the Union Army. Sixteen USCT soldiers earned the Medal of Honor
for their Civil War service. More than 18,000 African American men and
three women served in the U.S. Navy, making up 20% of sailors.
Black regiments were formed in every Union state. While mostly made up
of African American soldiers, other minorities served, including Native
Americans and Asians, while white Union officers served as commanders.
USCT regiments participated in all aspects of the war effort as
infantry, cavalry, artillery, and engineers, but often served as rear
action garrison troops. USCT regiments served heroically at the Battle
of the Crater (Virginia), the Battle of Chaffin’s Farm (Virginia), The
Battle of Fort Wagner (South Carolina), and the Battle of Nashville
(Tennessee), and were present when the Army of Northern Virginia
surrendered at Appomattox. Seven African American sailors and eighteen
soldiers received the Medal of Honor for their efforts in the Civil War.
After the war, Congress reorganized the U.S. Army into ten cavalry
regiments and forty- five infantry regiments. When the Army pared back
to twenty-five regiments of infantry in 1869, the four black infantry
regiments were consolidated into two. These regiments, the 24th and
25th, which came to be known as “Buffalo Soldiers,” were posted in the
West and Southwest, mainly to battle Native Americans. Buffalo Soldiers
would serve in the United States military for the next fifty years,
primarily in the Indian Wars of the 1890s, for which thirteen enlisted
men and six officers received the Medal of Honor.
In April 1898, following a period of rising tension over Spanish
treatment of native Cubans, the United States declared war on Spain.
While the Navy had enough manpower, the Army had only 28,000 men in
uniform. Enlistees, volunteers, and National Guard units soon added
220,000 soldiers, including 5,000 African American men, but the only
black troops who fought in the Spanish-American War were the Buffalo
Soldiers. The bloodiest and most well-known battle in Cuba was the
Battle of San Juan Hill, during which, the most difficult fighting fell
to the Buffalo Soldiers, five of whom received the Medal of Honor.
These regiments would go on to fight with distinction in the
Philippine-American War (1899-1903), Mexico and World War I (1916-
1918), and World War II (1944-1945).
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Many African Americans joined the U.S. military after American entry
into World War I, but most would not see combat. Of the 200,000 African
Americans who served in the regular Army, most did so in support roles
within segregated units, while 170,000 never left the United States.
There were notable exceptions. The 369th Infantry Regiment (“Harlem
Hellfighters”) fought alongside the French Army for six months, for
which 171 members of the regiment earned the Legion of Merit. One
member of the 369th also received the Medal of Honor, one of only two
African American recipients of the award from World War I.
During World War I, African American service in the Navy was restricted
to support duties, though ships remained integrated. After the war, the
Navy banned black recruitment until 1932. By 1940, the Navy had 4,000
African American sailors, just 2.3% of its total manpower. This number
increased to more than 5,000 in early 1942, but black sailors were
still relegated to service as stewards, waiters, cooks, and cleaning
crew. Black women were not allowed in the Navy until 1945. Even then,
only four African American women served in the U.S. Navy during World
War II. These were among a maximum quota of 48 African American nurses
allowed in all of the U.S. military during the war.
The Marine Corps allowed recruitment of African Americans beginning in
June 1942. At first, they received segregated training and served in
all-black units, though battalions would integrate by the end of World
War II. Nearly 8,000 black Marines served in the Pacific Theater,
performing particularly well at the Battle of Saipan (September 1944).
After the war, the Marine Corps scaled back, resulting in 2,000
remaining African Americans in the service.
During World War II, over 2.5 million African Americans registered for
the draft and many volunteered, serving prominently in segregated units
within the Army and Army Air Corps. Notable among these were the
Buffalo Soldiers, 93rd Infantry Division, 761st Tank Battalion, 452nd
Anti-Aircraft Battalion, and 332nd Fighter Group (Tuskegee Airmen). In
addition, the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion became the
first entirely African-American female unit deployed overseas.
By the end of World War II, 992 black pilots had been trained for duty
and more than one million African Americans had served in the U.S. Army
and Women’s Army Corps. None would receive the Medal of Honor until
1992, when President Bill Clinton honored seven men with the award, all
but one of them posthumously.
In late 1945, in response to a study of race policies in the Army, the
federal government’s Gillem Board made eighteen recommendations for
improving the treatment of black soldiers. Although both the Army and
the Navy announced policies of integration and equal rights in early
1946, and the War Department directed the services to adopt such
policies in May, elements within every service resisted integration,
leading to a sharp decline in African-American enlistment.
In response to racial unrest erupting across the country in 1946,
President Harry S. Truman formed a committee to study the problem. In
1947, the Army replaced segregated training programs with integrated
courses. The next year, Lt. John E. Rudder became the first African
American commissioned officer in the U.S. Marine Corps. When Congress
received the final directive from the President’s Committee on Civil
Rights, it refused to act on recommendations to integrate the military.
In response, Truman issued Executive Order 9981, directing equal
treatment for black service members.
Despite Truman’s Executive Order, military leaders largely refused to
adopt the new policies. It was not until April 1949, that the services
made progress toward integration and equal rights within the military.
The impetus came from Defense Secretary Louis Johnson, who directed the
services to adopt Truman’s order as official military policy. In
response, the Air Force issued a “bill of rights” for black servicemen,
the Navy moved to integrate and expand recruitment of African American
sailors, and the Marine Corps ended segregation in training.
While the transition from segregation in the military proceeded
gradually, integrated units in the Army, Air Force, and Marines were
present and fought valiantly during the Korean conflict, with two
African American soldiers receiving the Medal of Honor. As a result of
rising acceptance and active recruitment, the number of black Marines
grew from 1,525 in 1949 to 17,000 in 1953. In 1954, the Army became the
last service to fully integrate upon deactivation of the 94th Engineer
Battalion.
Though discrimination certainly persisted within the services, the
Vietnam War was the first conflict in which white and black soldiers
were fully integrated. In addition, the selective use of conscription
during the conflict led to a significant rise in African American
draftees. In 1967, African Americans made up 11% of the population, but
were more than 16% of those who served. This was in spite of the fact
that only 29% of Black conscripts were approved for service, compared
to 63% of white conscripts. In all, 300,000 African Americans served in
Vietnam.
Today, the proportion of African American servicemen and women in the
Air Force (15%), Army (21%), and Navy (17%) eclipse that of the general
population (13.4%), with only the Marine Corps (10%) falling below the
average. Among these, more than 13% are commissioned officers who
graduated from a service academy, and nearly 17% hold doctorates,
speaking to the tremendous progress made over the course of the two-
century journey toward racial integration in the U.S. military.
The Civil War was the deadliest of
all American wars. No one disagrees with that. But how many died has
long been a matter of debate. For more than a century, the
most-accepted estimate was about 620,000 dead. A specific figure of
618,222 is often cited, with 360,222 Union deaths and 258,000
Confederate deaths.
By the end of the Civil War,
roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union Army) served as soldiers in
the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy. Nearly 40,000
black soldiers died over the course of the war—30,000 of infection or
disease.
