Non-African: Black Slavery in the Americas (Indians).

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Non-African: Black Slavery in the Americas (Indians).
by
The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History was founded in New York City
by businessmen-philanthropists Richard Gilder and Lewis E. Lehrman in 1994
to promote the study and interest in American history. The Institute serves
teachers, students, scholars, and the general public.

After all this time U.S. Negroes still have a mental block about being Indians and NOT Africans. Albino Movies, Television and the like, sure has done its job on Negroes. In our previous paper called "Indigenous Americans" we offered excerpts from a Smithsonian Institution book titled "perspective: the other slavery". We though that for sure, if Smithsonian puts it out, Negroes will believe it. Nope! Apparently Cowboys are more believable to Negroes than scholars. But ever undaunted we press ahead with this offering from Gilder Lehrman, it says the same thing, i.e. the great majority of American slaves continent wide, were native Indian NOT African - we even added some pictures to spice it up.

This page is companion to Indigenous Americans; Who are/were they?

This page is also companion to American Indian Phenotypes

Clarification for the authors incompetence:

Genízaro was a term used in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century New Mexico for "detribalized Indians," a variety of individuals of mixed Native American, but not Pueblo, parentage who had adopted at least some Hispanic styles of living. They were most common in areas of New Mexico adjacent to the Southern Plains. Genízaros, many of whom were descendants of Native Americans who made their home in the Great Plains, are a little-studied group. They appear to have been a transitional group that appeared and then disappeared as part of the opening, and later closing, of a particular set of frontier relations in New Mexico. Even the origin of the term genízaro is controversial. The more commonly claimed origin is from the term for captive Christians who were forcibly converted to Islam and served as troops in the Turkish army, called yeni-cheri, anglicized as janissary.

JANISSARY. The Janissaries (from yeniçeri, meaning 'new soldier' in Turkish) were an elite standing force of infantrymen, first formed by the Ottoman Sultan Murad I around 1380. Legally slaves (kul ) of the sultan, they served over the centuries as bowmen, crossbowmen, and musketeers.

Mamluk, a Turkish slave soldier in Arab service, a member of one of the armies of slaves established during the Abbasid era that later rebelled and gained political control of several Muslim states. Under the Ayyubid sultanate, Mamluk generals used their power to establish a dynasty that ruled Egypt and Syria from 1250 to 1517. The name is derived from an Arabic word for slave.

Privateers

Privateering was an age-old practice in the Mediterranean. North African rulers engaged in it increasingly in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century because it was so lucrative, and because their merchant vessels, formerly a major source of income, were not permitted to enter European ports. Although the methods varied, privateering generally involved private vessels raiding the ships of an enemy in peacetime under the authority of a ruler. Its purposes were to disrupt an opponent's trade and to reap rewards from the captives and cargo.

These Pirates destroyed thousands of French, Spanish, Italian and British ships, and long stretches of coast in Spain and Italy were almost completely abandoned by their inhabitants, discouraging settlement until the 19th century. From the 16th to 19th century, pirates captured an estimated 800,000 to 1.25 million Europeans as slaves, mainly from seaside villages in Italy, Spain, and Portugal, but also from France, Britain, the Netherlands, Ireland and as far away as Iceland and North America.

Quote below: "Needing money to pay for his New World expeditions, he shipped Indians to Spain, where there already existed slave markets dealing in the buying and selling of Africans." Even as he tries to impart true history this Albino man can't help but inject a bit of Albino lie into his work. We hope it's out of ignorance and not a purposeful lie.

To the point: On January 2, 1492, (A few months before Columbus set sail for the new world), King Boabdil surrendered Granada to the Spanish forces. For the previous 800 years Spain was ruled by some very Black Berbers. Don't see how Albinos could have set up a slave trade in Spain under Black rule; so lets check the Slave database.

Yep - in 375 years, just 3,273 Africans were imported into Spain.
That is not a Slave trade, it's a household servant business.

^ ^
Please excuse the overly generous use of colored highlighting.

As with all Black people of "Note" the Albinos have created all manner of Busts, Statues, Portraits and Drawings showing them to be Albinos of Albino Mulattoes; so it is with the Moors. But this time Encyclopædia Britannica has added a new wrinkle: i.e. it is well known that the most effective lie is one with "Some" truth in it. Quote from Britannica - In the 700s A.D. a group of people invaded Spain. These conquerors were Arabs (people from Arabia) and Berbers (a tribe from northern Africa). They practiced the religion of Islam. The Arab-Berber invaders soon began marrying Spanish people, their descendants came to be known as the Moors. The arrival of the Arab-Berber invaders began 700 years of Islamic power in Spain. Note that Encyclopædia Britannica bypassed producing Whitenized portraits and drawings (as many others do), by simply SAYING that the Moors were half-White/Mulattoes. Muḥammad XII, (died 1527), was the last Nasrid sultan of Granada, Spain. His reign (1482–92) was marked by incessant civil strife and the fall of Granada to Ferdinand and Isabella, the Roman Catholic rulers of Aragon and Castile.

So far the only ruling Mulatto we see is Ferdinand.

See any Mulattoes here? These are Orientalist paintings. 'Orientalism' refers to the representation of the East in Western art. The Orientalist art movement reached its height during the 19th century and is perhaps best known today for its production of impressive oil paintings and works on paper. These paintings were popular in the 19th century, as Europeans and North Americans increasingly turned their attentions to cultures overseas. The works were mostly by male Western artists, made to satisfy an enormous public interest in the lands of the Middle East and North Africa.

Of course today most people on the North African Coast ARE Albinos and Mulattoes, but they are NOT Africans, they are INVADERS of Africa. That is because when the Turks usurped the Arabs, they not only took control of Islam, they also took control of all the lands the Arabs had conquered, then they went on to conquer more lands. The Turk Albanian ruler of Egypt "Muhammad Ali's" enslavement of the Nubian's (Sudan) was particularly bloody.

Here is how all of those "OTHER" Albinos wound-up in Africa.

The Spanish first invaded in 1497, North Morocco, Ifni, the Tarfaya region, Western Sahara, and the territories of early-21st-century Equatorial Guinea comprised what broadly could be defined as Spanish colonial Africa.

Italy, which became a unified state only in 1860, was a late starter in the race for colonies. For the Italians, the marginal Turkish provinces in Libya seemed to offer an obvious compensation for their humiliating acquiescence to the establishment of a French protectorate in Tunisia, a country coveted by Italy as a potential colony. Italy intensified its long-standing commercial interests in Libya and, in a series of diplomatic manuevers, won from the major powers their recognition of an Italian sphere of influence there. It was assumed in European capitals that Italy would sooner or later seize the opportunity to take political and military action in Libya as well.

In the ensuing months, the Italian expeditionary force, numbering 35,000, barely penetrated beyond its several beachheads. In accordance with the treaty signed at Lausanne in October 1912, the sultan issued a decree granting independence to Tripolitania and Cyrenaica while Italy simultaneously announced its formal annexation of those territories. In the end, the Turks accepted a peace settlement, and Libya was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy. The Italians also occupied the island of Rhodes. Several hundred thousand Sicilians and other southern Italians settled in Tripoli and its environs in the decades to come. The sultan, in his role as caliph (leader of Islam), was to retain his religious jurisdiction there and was permitted to appoint the qadi of Tripoli, who supervised the sharia courts. But the Italians were unable to appreciate that no distinction was made between civil and religious jurisdiction in Islamic law. Thus, through the courts, the Turks kept open a channel of influence over their former subjects and subverted Italian authority.

France, The French conquest of Algeria began in 1830 with the invasion of Algiers, and was mostly completed by 1852. But not until 1903 was the conquest fully complete. French colonization of Algeria was undertaken through military conquest and the overthrow of existing structures of government. Albinos say that only 1.6 million frenchmen moved to Algeria.

In the 1926 census of the Tunisian colony, there were 173,281 Europeans, of which 89,216 were Italians, 71,020 French and 8,396 Maltese.

No reliable numbers for Albinos in Libya - but you know what they say...
A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS.

In North Africa,
Blacks are generally relegated to the desert regions.

Please peruse this list of leaders of Middle Eastern and North African states.
See how many Blacks you can find. This in the lands of the perfect (Black) original Humans.

Our Albinos first tried to overthrow us in 1,200 B.C. when they invaded from the place where because of "Inbreeding" they gained enough numbers to become a "Race" Central Asia. The result was the Sea Peoples exodus from Europe and the first "European Dark Ages". With the exit of the "Sea People", the Eurasian invaders are now in a quandary. They have taken it, but they don't know how to use it, or how to maintain it. After all, they are still illiterate nomads. There follows a period known as the Greek "Dark Ages" - the conventional time-frame for this period is from 1,200 to 750 B.C. By the end of this period, Greeks (Blacks) seem to have figured things out - they emerge as a Black, White, and Mulatto society, and the Whites (Albinos) apparently have continued their expansion ever since.

Meanwhile in Egypt, which is where most of the Sea People try to settle: Merneptah (13 son of Ramesses II) also learned that some Sea Peoples: The Black original inhabitants of Southern Europe and the Mediterranean Islands, who had been displaced by Caucasian invaders and were now roving the Middle East in search of new homes, had joined and armed the Libyans, and with them, were conspiring to attack Memphis and Heliopolis, the great administrative and religious centers near the delta's apex. Among the Sea peoples were the Shardana, of Sardinia; the Akhaivasha, usually identified with the Achæans; the Shakalsha, who may have been Cretanized Sicilians; and the Tursha, perhaps the Turseni, who were represented in Etruria. They were defeated by Merneptah, but some settled in Libya and became mercenaries in the Egyptian army. Merenptah's victory is inscribed on his victory stele; also known as the Israel stele. file Merneptah Stele

Ramesses III, was the second ruler of Egypt's 20th Dynasty. Ramesses father Setnakhte, may have been related to Ramesses II (Ramesses the great). But in any case, Ramesses III is considered to be the last of the great pharaohs. His reign was during a time of considerable turmoil throughout southern Europe and the Mediterranean Islands. The sixty years since the reign of Mernenptah, had seen a constant flood of Caucasians from the Eurasian Plains of Asia. They had taken Mycenae and a great many cities in the other nations; and were ever increasing. This caused a great surge of displaced people from all over the region reeking havoc in search of new homes. This was also the time of the Trojan War. It is in the eight year of the reign of Ramesses III, (about 1160 B.C.) that the Sea People once again attack Egypt, but this time, their group includes displaced people from all the nations and Islands of Southern Europe and the Mediterranean. It is generally believed that it was Ramesses III who gave the philistines permission to settle in Canaan, creating the kingdom of Palestine. File Medinet Habu

We got stupid later: somehow it seems that our Albinos bring out the stupid in us. Is that because instinctively
we know they are our children, and we forgive them everything, including our destruction?
Being a little facetious there: there is more than five times as many Blacks as our Albinos.
But still the fact remains that we make THEM, but they can't make US!
So somebody needs to be careful with Humanity.

Here is another account of Native American (Black & Mongol) Slavery.

Before going on with the subject of Slavery, let us be clear about something;

ALL ALBINO INSTITUTIONS INCLUDING THE
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS AND THE SMITHSONIAN - LIE!

Those silly "Stick" figures above are suppose to be Aztecs from the Codex Huexotzingo of which the LOC says "This manuscript is an 18th-century copy of an original that has since been lost." Actually the White Catholic Church DESTROYED ALL Black American (Indian) Codex (Books) in their entirety. That is of all the Great American Civilizations - Inca, Maya, Aztec. Why? To do what they did, rob American Blacks of all knowledge of themselves - AND knowledge of other Black Civilizations. (A Codex is the earliest type of manuscript in the form of a modern book, the codex replaced the earlier rolls of papyrus and wax tablets).

Example: If you Google "HOW MANY BLACK POPES HAS THERE BEEN? You get this answer: The Church's records tell us there were potentially three Black popes in Catholic history: Pope Victor I, who headed the church from 189-199, Pope Miltiades (311-314), and Pope Gelasius I, who was pope from 492-496. Jan 5, 2023.

Figure it out for yourself: If Hebrews are Black - which they were/are: and if Greeks and Romans - the creators of Christianity were Black - which they were - then who would the heads of the Church (Popes) be but Blacks? Albinos are often degenerate liars, it's stupid to believe them.

Ask your parish priest to explain these artifacts, many from the Vatican basement.

In the Western Hemisphere, the very mention of the word slavery brings to mind images of Africans transported across the Atlantic, sugar plantations in the Caribbean, or the American Civil War. African slavery was surely a defining aspect of European colonialism in the Americas. But it was not the only one. Native Americans were subjected to a parallel system of bondage as degrading and vast as African slavery, a system that has nonetheless remained hidden and poorly understood. In our hemisphere, Indigenous slavery occurred in every major area, both predating and outlasting its African counterpart. During the four centuries between the arrival of Columbus and the beginning of the twentieth century, some 2.5 to 5 million Native people were enslaved.

All European empires took part in this human traffic: the English, the French, the Dutch, and the Portuguese. But because Spain came to control the richest and most densely populated regions of the Americas at the same time that it lacked African colonies (and thus access to African peoples), it emerged as the greatest enslaver of Indigenous Americans. To extract the hemisphere’s wealth, Spain made use of the most abundant labor at its disposal.

Ironically, beginning in Columbian times the Spanish Crown prohibited Indigenous slavery except in a few circumstances. In 1542, it banned the practice entirely, “…so from here on, no Indian can be made into a slave under any circumstance including wars, rebellions, or when ransomed from other Indians.”Unlike African slavery, which remained legal and sanctioned by empires around the world for centuries, the enslavement of Native Americans was against the law. Yet this categorical prohibition did not prevent Spanish colonists from taking enslaved Indigenous peoples all over the hemisphere and even importing them from the Philippines. To get around the royal prohibition, Spanish colonists and entrepreneurs, in collusion with some royal officials, resorted to legal subterfuges, carved out exceptions, and devised kaleidoscopic labor arrangements such as encomiendas, repartimientos, naborías, convict leasing, “Indians in deposit,” debt peonage, and many others. This legal obfuscation allowed operators to continue forcing Native Americans to toil while giving them minimal or no compensation and is one of the reasons we still struggle today to recognize colonial enslavement practices for what they were.

Indigenous slavery long predated the arrival of Europeans in the Americas. As far back as we can peer into pre-Contact monuments, codices, and archaeological evidence as well as the earliest European accounts, we learn about Indigenous Americans enslaving one another. The Maya and Aztec took captives to use as sacrificial victims, the Iroquois waged “mourning wars” on neighbors to avenge and replace their dead, Native groups along the North Pacific Coast finalized elite marriages by exchanging enslaved people, and so on. These practices of bondage were embedded in specific cultural contexts. Europeans tapped into them and went on to commodify and expand them in ways that would have been unimaginable in earlier times. By the seventeenth century, Mapuche captives from southern Chile were marched to the port of Valparaíso and shipped all the way to Peru, unpaid Apache laborers from northern Mexico were taken as far south as Cuba and as far north as Canada, and enslaved people from Asia were transported across the Pacific to work in cities and mines in North America.

NPR (National Public Radio) - ERIKA LEE, quote: Asians had been migrating to the Americas along with the Spanish colonizers dating back to 1560s and the Manila Galleon Trade that brought Chinese and other Asian luxury goods, spices, jewels to New Spain. And along with those goods came about 40 to 100,000 Asians, Filipinos, Chinese, South Asians, coming as sailors, coming as slaves and coming as servants. [40-100,000 Asians??] We know of no slave trade from Asia to the Americas - The Arab Slave trade did not cross the Atlantic. This appears to be a case where the author did not understand the presence of Mongols in the Americas, so as with Blacks, this Albino made-up the story that they came as Slaves.

Over the centuries, forms of enslavement changed in character from culturally specific Native practices, to broader imperial and seignorial labor arrangements such as encomiendas and repartimientos, to more economic-based forms of bondage such as debt peonage, until the arrangements came to resemble the kinds of human trafficking recognizable to us today. It is tempting to think of Indigenous slavery as a phenomenon of the early colonial period, a set of practices that fell into disuse once Africans were brought to the Americas in sufficient numbers. In reality, Native slavery in its many guises coexisted with African slavery all along and proved nearly impossible to eradicate.

THE CODEX BELOW IS AN OBVIOUS ALBINO FAKE, THE AZTEC DID NOT DEPICT THEMSELVES
OR OTHER PEOPLE IN SUCH A CRUDE WAY - LIKE THESE SILLY CRUDE FIGURES BELOW.

Codex Huexotzingo 1531, drawing number 7. Eight men and twelve women are given as tribute along with feathers and other goods.
Notice the colleras (wooden shackles) around their necks. DOC I. HUEXOTZINGO CODEX, HARKNESS COLLECTION, MANUSCRIPT DIVISION, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, WASHINGTON, D.C.

These are statues the Aztec themselves made of their Gods.
Does Aztec art look anything like the FAKE nonsense the Albinos made above?

Here is how early Europeans depicted the Aztec.

Contrary to what the Albinos taught us, the Black Great American Empires (Aztec, Inca, Maya) were not defeated by a few superior Albino troops and Cannon, rather they were defeated by untold thousands of Mongol troops, who did most of the fighting, and Albino Cannon - which was taken from Blacks after the usurpation of Black rule in Europe after the English Civil Wars and the Thirty Years War on the continent (1642-1651)-(1618-1648).

In the Americas, the reason Mongols fought alongside the Albinos was very simple, Blacks had developed the habit of using Mongols as sacrificial offerings to the gods. When the Albinos showed up, the Mongols just naturally joined with them to break Black power and abuse. Note throughout, you will not find any Black skinned sacrifices. Yet Inca, Maya, and Aztec were all Black skinned people - note the Mayan mural above.

Short Detour to talk about the Cannon

Late period Egyptian Inventions

The Cannon

The Persians usurpted Egyptians and ruled Egypt from 525–404 B.C. Then the Greek Ptolemies of Cleopatra fame ruled from 320 to 31 B.C. Then the Romans to 640 A.D. Then the Arabs to 786: which is when the Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid started assigning Turks to rule Egypt - Turk and Turk Mulatto rule persists until today. But even under these difficult circumstances, Egyptians did not loose their inventiveness and genius. In about 60 A.D. the Egyptian "Heron of Alexandria" invented the first "Steam Engine" the steam-powered device called the “Aeolipile”. He also invented the Windwheel (Windmill).

Mamluks were Turkish Slave Soldiers brought to the West by Arabs to serve in their Army. In 1250 A.D. The Mamluks rebelled and established their own dynasty in Egypt - soon they would rule the entire region as the Ottoman Empire. It is at this time that the genius of Egyptians shows itself again. As it is at this time that the Egyptians invent the first actual “Gun” which is first used by their Turkish Masters the Mamluks, against the invading Mongols at the battle of Ain Jalut in 1260 A.D. It would be hundreds of years before Albino Europeans (formerly Steep Nomads) came to understand such technical things sufficiently to copy and use them.

Found this on Facebook: of course this is not what 1200s warriors looked like, and Arabs are Asians not Africans - by Albino rules that is. Of course just looking at a map tells you that they are the same people. Incidentally - he is a palace guard painted by Ludwig Deutsch (1855 - 1935).

Before the Albinos decided to write Blacks out of history, this sort of material was all over the place.

Back to Native Americans

Comment: the children's skin color looks a bit too light as they were Black Mongols inhabiting the Americas for 12-15,000 years. Knowing how Albinos like to modify artifacts to make them look like Albinos were there, we are of course suspicious.

Below is a Mongolian Mummy, make your own judgment.

Before the Albinos were chased out of Asia by the Mongols, (though living mainly in Central Asia, they were dispersed in East Asia too), Turks being the most prevalent Albinos in east Asia.

Blacks being the main Human settlers of the Earth, they were dispersed everywhere. The Jomon left China and migrated to Japan at about 35,000 B.C. They lived there undisturbed for thousands of years. Later, another group known to us as the Ainu followed. Although we do not have "Ancient life-like" depictions of the Jomon and Ainu, we do have modern pictures of members of their former migratory group - their genetic cousins, the Ainu and the Andaman Islanders of the Indian Ocean; (Just off the coast of Burma and Thailand). [Oddly Indians were Not part of this group]. Today, Andaman genes can still be found in 40% of modern Japanese, as well as Mongolians and Tibetans. Genetic testing, specific to Black Xia and Shang of China, and Olmec of the Americas, as far as we know, have not yet been done - and probably won't be.

In the United States science is starting to expose the lies of Albinos: many ancient skeletons found in the America have nothing to do with the modern people the Albinos tell us are Indians. As with the 8,000 year old skeleton of Kennewick Man which are skeletal remains of a prehistoric Paleoamerican man found on a bank of the Columbia River in Kennewick, Washington, on July 28, 1996.

Report: The most craniometrically similar samples appeared to be those from the south Pacific and Polynesia as well as the Ainu of Japan, a pattern observed in other studies of early American crania from North and South America (Steele and Powell 1992, 1994; Jantz and Owsley 1997). Thus Kennewick appears to have strongest morphological affinities with populations in Polynesia and southern Asia, and NOT with American Indians or Europeans in the reference samples. [Note; when they say "American Indians or Europeans" they mean the European Albinos and their Mulattoes currently being put forward as "Indians" by the European Albinos].

Study published by National Park Service (NPS), U.S. Department of the Interior.

Note: current evidence indicates that the Americas were the first lands foreign to Africa settled by early Humans (Blacks). Mongol phenotype Humans migrated to Asia from Africa circa 60,000 B.C. Some of them crossed the Bering straits during a warming period and entered the Americas circa 15,000 - 10,000 B.C. A full explanation is found in other pages.

The Ainu are an ethnic group of related indigenous people native to northern Japan, as well as the land surrounding the Sea of Okhotsk, including Hokkaido Island, Northeast Honshu Island, Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, the Kamchatka Peninsula, and the Khabarovsk Krai; they have occupied these areas since before the arrival of the modern Japanese and Russians. These regions are often referred to as Ezo in historical Japanese texts.

The origins of the Ainu are uncertain, they are likely a branch of the proto-Japanese Jomon stock (the original inhabitants of Japan), that migrated from Africa some 70-60,000 years ago, and occupied Japan and most of Asia before the Mongol expansion from China, (the current Japanese people are the "Yayoi" who immigrated to Japan from China circa 350 B.C.). Various other Asian aborigine populations, from Okinawa to Taiwan, and as far away as Australia, are also thought to be related to them.

Official estimates place the total Ainu population of Japan at 25,000. Unofficial estimates place the total population at 200,000 or higher, as the near-total assimilation of the Ainu into Japanese society has resulted in many individuals of Ainu descent having no knowledge of their ancestry.

The Ainu are one of the only major ethnic minorities in the Japanese islands with a distinct and highly unique culture and way of life. They were subject to forced assimilation and colonization by the larger Japanese populace since at least the 18th century. Japanese assimilation policies in the 19th century around the Meiji Restoration included forcing Ainu peoples off their land; this, in turn, forced them to give up traditional ways of life such as subsistence hunting and fishing. Ainu people were not allowed to practice their religion, and they were pushed into Japanese-language schools where speaking the Ainu language was strictly forbidden. In 1966, there were about 300 native Ainu speakers; in 2008, however, there were only about 100.

Ainu Elders

Note how different these Ainu men look from the Ainu of just 180 years ago (silk screen below).

Now note how different these modern Ainu look from the Ainu of less than 100 years ago.
These modern people are almost pure Mongol.

Recent genetic research shows that the Ainu are related to other indigenous people in Asia such as tribes on the Andaman Islands and the Ryukyuan people on Okinawa.

Japan news story: Ryukyuan descendant demands return of 'stolen' bones
Julian Ryall Tokyo. 05/31/2021May 31, 2021

Advocates are calling for the repatriation of the bones of the royal family from the former Ryukyu Kingdom, now known as Okinawa. A case has been opened against Kyoto University, which is in possession of the remains.

Andaman Islands girls

Below Tarim mummies;
a series of mummies discovered in the Tarim
Basin in present-day Xinjiang, China; which date from about 1,800 B.C.

ALBINO WOMAN		BLACK WOMAN WITH NARROW PHENOTYPE - called "The Beauty of Loulan".

The decline of the (Western) Roman Empire was a slow process, which occurred over a period of over 350 years. Beginning at about 100 A.D. and culminating on September 4, 476, when Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, was deposed by Odoacer, a Germanic chieftain. The Turks overran Byzantium (the Eastern Roman Empire ) in 1453. See above: Even Black kings and Emperors marrying Albino princesses could not keep the Albino hordes at bay; note the portrait of Emperor Manouel I above.

The fall of Constantinople, On May 29, 1453 - Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire brought the Byzantine Empire came to an end when the Ottomans breached Constantinople's ancient land wall after besieging the city for 55 days.

The last Byzantine Emperor, Constantine XI, died in that battle, the last recorded words of Constantine XI (the last Eastern Roman Emperor) were: "The city is fallen and I am still alive." Then he tore off his imperial ornaments so as to let nothing distinguish him from any other soldier and led his remaining soldiers into a last charge where he was killed. (No portrait of Constantine XI).

After hundreds of years of having to marry Albino princesses to keep the peace,
it should be expected that the rulers of the Eastern Roman Empire would be Mulattoes in the end;
and so it was.

How many times have you seen a picture of King "TUT" where the Albinos have made a phony bust of him that shows him as a Mulatto or White?

Albinos being shameless liars, have often been heard explaining that the BLACKNESS of the mummies skin is the result of the mummification process. NOT that they were Negroes!

The study below proves they lie!

Results

We devised a grading system to compare and to rate each procedure for its degree of tissue con- servation, histological and histochemical staining properties, the specificity of immunohistochemical staining methods, and the degree of fungal penitration into the tissue.

Skin

Skin sections showed particularly good tissue preservation, although cellular outlines were never distinct. Although much of the epidermis had already separated from the dermis, the remaining epidermis often was preserved well (Fig. 1). The basal epithelial cells were packed with melanin as expected for specimens of Negroid origin. In the dermis, the hair follicles, hair, and sebaceous and sweat glands were readily apparent (Fig. 2). Blood vessels, but no red blood cells, and small peripheral nerves were identified unambiguously (Fig. 3).

The subcutaneous layer showed loose connective tissue fibers attached to the dermis, and fat cell remnants were observed. To evaluate the influence of postmortum tissue decay by micro-organisms, the samples were tested for the presence of fungi using silver staining. Fungi were observed in some samples and were widespread in both epidermis and dermis. The molecular preservation of the antigen determinants, due to tissue preser- vation, determines the accuracy of the immunohis- tological stains. Depending on the rehydration or fixation procedure, specific immunohisto- chemical detections of single antigens were specific. Fig. 1. Ancient Egyptian skin. Epidermis, dermis and sweat glands rehydrated with solution III and fixed with formaldehyde. H & E. 200)/. Fig. 2. Ancient Egyptian skin. Sebaceous gland rehydrated with solution III.

Chile was a part of the Inca Empire.
Above - two Inca nobleman in European cloths.
Notice - like their living skin color, an Inca mummy skin is Black.

In 1521, the Nahua Indian people of the town were the allies of the Spanish conqueror Hernán Cortés, and together they confronted their enemies to overcome Moctezuma, leader of the Aztec Empire. Cortés's indigenous allies from Tlaxcala were more successful than those Huejotzinco in translating that alliance into privileges in the colonial era and the Huejotzincan's petitioned the crown for such privileges. A 1560 petition to the crown in Nahuatl outlines their participation. After the conquest, the Huexotzinco peoples became part of Cortés's encomienda holdings. While Cortés was out of Mexico from 1529 to 1530, the First Audiencia intervened in the daily activities of the community and forced the Nahuas to pay excessive taxes in the form of goods and services. When Cortés returned, the Nahuas of Huejotzinco joined him in a legal case against the abuses of the First Audiencia. The Huexotzinco Codex has testimony enumerating the abuses by Nuño de Guzmán when he took over the encomienda in the name of the crown.

Scholars have analyzed the codex and described what each stylized glyph means. On the page with the image of the banner of the Virgin Mary, the decipherments indicate the costs of the banner and the goods rendered for the campaign. On the top left, the pot at the top of a bundle of reeds is 400 pots of liquid amber. Next to it with a bundle of reeds and a divided rectangle is the depiction of "400 small [cotton] mantles to purchase food en route." The four reed bundles and 10 small squares depict 1,600 pairs of sandals for the warriors in Guzmán's campaign. The flag or banner is for the Huexotzincan lord, Don Tomé to carry, which cost "10 loads of small mantles at 20 per load." The three discs are "fine gold plaques used in the standard of the Madonna." The nine flags with the stylized feathers depict nine bundles of quetzal feathers, each containing 20 feathers at a "cost of 9 loads of 20 mantles each." The image of the Virgin Mary was the standard for Guzmán, "(About 16" x 16", gold leaf, One of the earliest native productions related to Catholicism.)" To the left of the Madonna banner are 10 bundles of 400 darts, i.e., 4,000 metal tipped darts for the campaign. The discs to the right of the image of the Madonna depict were the gold or silver to purchase the horse for Don Tomé. On the next line down, the 10 stylized flags depict 200 loads of loincloths for the warriors. The 8 men on that same line are the male slaves sold to Indian merchants for the gold for the Madonna standard. At the bottom of the page, the three stylized flags with large rectangles at their tops are 60 leather covered chests. There are two groups of 6 women, dressed distinctively, which are the female slaves "sold to pay for the gold for the Madonna banner."

IN THE INCA EMPIRE THE MONGOLS DID THE SAME TREASON AND JOINED WITH THE INVADING ALBINOS - AND FOR THE SAME REASONS. AND THE FINAL RESULTS WERE THE SAME, THE SPANISH LAUGHED AT THEM AND ENSLAVED THEM. THEY ALSO WENT TO COURT, THIS TIME IN SPAIN!. John Victor Murra was a Ukrainian-American professor of anthropology and a researcher of the Inca Empire - he wrote the following account of the WHY's of what happened. Unfortunately he is dead and his book is nowhere to be found, luckily we have this excerpt.

Who exactly were these enslaved Native people? In contrast to African slavery, which targeted adult males, most enslaved Indigenous Americans were women and children. This preference was often reflected in sale prices: Native women could be worth 50 or 60 percent more than men. Sexual exploitation and women’s reproductive capabilities were part of the reason for this price premium, which existed in the Caribbean, Chile, and New Mexico and remained in place from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. Some sources also point to the convenience of having women rather than men in the domestic sphere. To explain the higher price fetched by Paiute women, for instance, American trapper Daniel W. Jones noted in his 1850 book Forty Years Among the Indiansthat “the girls have the reputation of making better servants than any others.”

Just as masters wanted docile women, they also showed a clear preference for Native children. Children were more adaptable than grownups, learned languages more easily, and could even come to identify with their captors. Indeed, one of the most striking features of Indigenous slavery is that those held in bondage could eventually join their captors’ societies. While for African captives enslavement was often passed down from one generation to the next, for Native people the condition proved more fluid. Its victims could become menials, servants, and with luck attain some independence and a higher status, even over the course of a lifespan.

Although enslaved African and Native people were engaged in a variety of activities in rural and urban settings, they were especially prevalent in the production of certain commodities. Just as enslaved Africans were common on rice, tobacco, coffee, and above all sugar plantations, enslaved Indigenous workers were closely tied to the mining economy, the backbone of colonial Latin America. In Mexico alone, the mining economy was the equivalent of twelve California Gold Rushes unfolding over the course of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. The California Gold Rush attracted some three hundred thousand people from across the world. If Mexico’s silver boom had occurred in the nineteenth century, it would similarly have become a worldwide magnet for voluntary laborers.

But because this earlier boom predated newspapers, steamboats, and widespread transoceanic travel and unfolded at a time when the Spanish monarchy prohibited foreigners from going to the silver districts, the people of Mexico had to make do with their own resources—especially Native Americans along with African and Asian enslaved people. Indigenous people who lived around the mines were the first to be pulled into “the system.” Spanish soldiers and volunteers rounded them up and sold them to the miners for thirty to fifty pesos apiece. Other Native peoples may have arrived voluntarily but were soon ensnared by debt. Still others were compelled to work in the mines in a type of corvée labor known as repartimiento. When the local Indigenous communities became depleted, mining entrepreneurs looked farther afield. The mines of northern Mexico, for instance, imported Native laborers from a catchment area that eventually extended as far north as California, New Mexico, and Texas.

One of the most fascinating aspects of Indigenous slavery is the involvement of Native people themselves. They were part of the slaving enterprise from inception. At first, they offered captives to European explorers and colonists, serving as guides, guardsmen, intermediaries, local providers, and junior partners. But as Native peoples acquired European weaponry and horses, they increased their power and came to control much of the trade. For instance, in the sixteenth century, the Carib Indians suffered greatly at the hands of Spanish slavers because they were widely believed to be cannibalistic. By the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, however, the Carib had consolidated their position on the llanos (plains) of Colombia and Venezuela as the principal suppliers of enslaved laborers to the nearby French, English, and Dutch colonies.

Albino drawing intended to show that Mongol Americans (The Clovis people) were Albino-ish like modern Mongols/Chinese/Japanese/Koreans.

This is what they actually looked like!

As is ALWAYS the case, American Indians were Black skinned people, whether curly/nappy
haired or straight haired and whether standard or Mongol phenotype!

All facial features NOT Mongol are considered standard because they are found in all populations
The features that Albinos have convinced themselves are quintessentially Black (broad nose, full lips)
are a relatively small part of the worlds five plus billion Black population. (Albinos are 0.8 to 1.0 billion).

Ute people - note that there is a Mongol, a White Mulatto (right) and a full standard phenotype in front of her.

The Ute and Comanche nations occupied the same niche in what is now the American Southwest during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Ute bands spent the winter in the mountains to the west and north of New Mexico. In the spring they rode into the Great Basin, fanning out through Utah, Nevada, Arizona, California, and other places, where they encountered a people known as the Paiute, who lacked horses. Ute traders thus made the ferrying of horseless Paiute from the Great Basin a part of their seasonal movements, taking their captives to sell at the fairs of New Mexico in the fall, only to recommence the cycle the following year. Comanche traders operated in an even larger area to the east, north, and south of New Mexico, enslaving various Native groups as well as Euro-Americans and Mexicans. For the Ute and Comanche nations, enslaved peoples constituted a very versatile commodity that could be used as an exploited underclass of laborers, as pawns that could be exchanged for kin members captured by other groups, or simply as a form of currency readily accepted throughout the region.

Native slavery engulfed the entire North American continent, but the timing varied by region. By the nineteenth century, it had nearly disappeared on the East Coast. During colonial times, the Carolinas had been a major Native slaving ground; New Englanders had seized rebellious Native people and shipped them to the Caribbean; and French colonists in eastern Canada had enslaved thousands of First Nations people from the interior. Yet during the eighteenth century, the traffic in Native people was largely replaced by African slavery on the Eastern Seaboard, even though practices of Native enslavement remained in some places.

In the American West, however, Native slavery continued to thrive during the nineteenth century. The best evidence comes from the letters and diaries of westbound Americans. In New Mexico, James S. Calhoun, the territory’s first Indian agent, could not hide his amazement at the sophistication of the Native slave market. “The value of the captives depends upon age, sex, beauty, and usefulness,” wrote Calhoun in 1850, “…good looking females, not having passed the ‘sear [sere] and yellow leaf’are valued from $50 to $150 each; males, as they may be useful, one-half less, never more.”

Similarly, California may have entered the Union as a “free-soil” state, but American colonists had already discovered that the buying and selling of Native people was a common practice. As early as 1846, the first American commander of San Francisco, Captain John B. Montgomery, acknowledged that “certain persons have been and still are imprisoning and holding to service Indians against their will” and he warned the general public that “the Indian population must not be regarded in the light of slaves.” His pleas went unheeded. The first California legislature passed the Indian Act of 1850, “for indenture.” authorizing the arrest of “vagrant” Natives who could then be “hired out” to the highest bidder. This act also enabled white persons to go before a justice of the peace to obtain Native children.

So persistent and widespread was Native slavery that ending it proved nearly impossible. The Spanish Crown had prohibited Indigenous bondage under all circumstances in 1542. Yet the traffic continued. Another attempt at abolition occurred in the early nineteenth century, when the newly independent Republic of Mexico proscribed all forms of Native enslavement and extended citizenship rights to all Indigenous Mexicans. Still, Native slavery persisted. One more opportunity arose immediately after the Civil War. The United States Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment, which prohibited both “slavery” and “involuntary servitude.” This formulation created the possibility of liberating all Native Americans held in bondage in the West. In various rulings during the 1870s and 1880s, however, the Supreme Court opted for a narrow interpretation of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments that applied primarily to African Americans and generally excluded Native Americans. Congress also passed an act abolishing the system known as peonage, defined as “the voluntary or involuntary service or labor of any persons as peons, in liquidation of any debt or obligation that exists in various Western states,” which was integral to the system of bondage in New Mexico and elsewhere in the West. The Peonage Act of 1867 was important, but the written word alone was not enough to eliminate deeply entrenched practices. Forms of Native slavery continued through the nineteenth century and, in some remote areas, well into the twentieth century.

Today, tens of millions of people around the world live in some form of modern slavery according to estimates of the Walk Free Foundation and others. Slavery is forbidden all over the world, yet it continues to thrive because its beneficiaries resort to imposing debts, prison sentences, or some other subterfuge to compel people to work under the threat of violence while offering absurdly low or no compensation. In this regard, the four-hundred-year experience of Native peoples with the “other slavery” is the most direct forerunner of the “new” slavery and offers two valuable insights. First, the emphasis on the newness of the contemporary forms of bondage is myopic. Surely, events of the last few decades have shaped particular forms of modern-day enslavement such as the sex trade or minors toiling in sweatshops, but the mechanisms of coercion that underpin such practices are much older. Second, only by contemplating a longer historical trajectory can we take the true measure of the breathtaking dynamism and staying power of this type of slavery and the tremendous difficulties of ending it.

Dr. Andrés Reséndez is a professor of history and author who grew up in Mexico City and currently teaches at the University of California, Davis. His specialties are early European exploration and colonization of the Americas, the U.S-Mexico border region, and the early history of the Pacific Ocean. His book, The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016), was a finalist for the 2016 National Book Award and winner of the 2017 Bancroft Prize from Columbia University.

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