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Jacobitism was a political movement in Great Britain and Ireland that aimed to restore the Roman Catholic Stuart King James VII of Scotland, who was also James II of England and Ireland, and his heirs to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland. The movement took its name from Jacobus, the Renaissance Latin form of Iacomus, the original Latin form of James. Adherents rebelled against the British government on several occasions between 1688 and 1746.
After James II was deposed in 1688 and replaced by his daughter Mary II, ruling jointly with her husband and first cousin (James's nephew) William III, the Stuarts lived in exile, occasionally attempting to regain the throne. The strongholds of Jacobitism were parts of the Scottish Highlands and the lowland north-east of Scotland, Ireland, and parts of Northern England (mostly within the counties of Northumberland and Lancashire). Significant support also existed in Wales and South-West England.
The Jacobites believed that parliamentary interference with the line of succession to the English and Scottish thrones was illegal. Catholics also hoped the Stuarts would end recusancy. In Scotland, the Jacobite cause became intertwined with the clan system. The emblem of the Jacobites is the White Cockade. White Rose Day is celebrated on 10 June, the anniversary of the birth of the Old Pretender in 1688. (A cockade is a knot of ribbons, or other circular- or oval-shaped symbol of distinctive colors which is usually worn on a hat).
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Note: this is a "True Copy" of the proclamation with spelling errors intact.
The proclamation about the 80 Rebbells Transported in the Ship Friendship, read in Governor Hart's office, April 28th, 1717. At a Council held at his Excellency's house, in the City of Annapolis, the 28th day of August, in the third year of his Majesties Reign, And the first of his Lordship's Dominion. Anno Domini, 1716.
Present: His Excellency John Hart, Esquire, Captain General & Governor in Chief, The Honorable Thomas Brooke, Esquire, Coll: Wm. Holland, Coll: Wm. Coursey, Lt:Coll: Saml. Young, Tho.
Addison, Phi. Loyd, Esquire, Lt: Coll: Richd. Tilghman, Coll: Thomas Smyth, of his Lordship's Council.”
“Whereas his most Sacred Majesty, out of his aabundant Clemency, has caused eighty of the Rebbells (most of them Scotsmen) lately taken at Preston, in Lancashire, to be transported from Great Brittain in this province, in the Ship Friendship of Belfast, Michael Mankin, Commander, and Signified to me his Royall pleasure by one of his principall Secretaries of State, that the said Rebbells, to the number aforesaid, should be sold to the Assignes of the Merchants, who should purchase them for the full Term of Seven Years and not for any lesser time. And that I should cause the said Rebbells to enter in to Indentures to performe such service, or otherwise grant the respective purchasers proper Certificates of their being so sold them by his Majesties royall Command, and cause the said Certificates to be recorded, the better to enable them to detain them, least they should at any time attempt to make their escape not being bound. It appearing to be his Majesty's pleasure the aforesaid Rebbells should continue in this province for & dureing the whole term and Space of Seven Years aforesaid. And, whereas, the said Rebells, Notwithstanding his Majesty's Clemency & Pleasure, signified as aforesaid, have Obstinately refused to enter into such Indentures, And that the greatest part of them already have been sold, And the rest will, in all probability, be disposed of with such proper Certificates, by me granted to the respective purchasers, as by his Majesty directed, In order to enable them to retake any such of them who may at any time hereafter attempt to make their Escape.
I have thought fitt, by and with the advice of his Lordship's Councill to Issue this my proclamation, Notifying the same and Straitly requiring, charging, & enjoyning all and Singular the Sherriffs, Constables, Magistrates & their Officers, within this province, Military and Civill. And also all and every the Inhabitants thereof to be very vigilant in putting in due execution the Act of Assembly of this province relating to runaway Servants, and to use their utmost endeavors upon any suspicion notice or discovery of any of the said persons transported, attempting or endeavouring to get out of this province before the Expiration of the full time of seven years from their arrivall here, viz: the 20th of August instant, to stop and prevent them from so doing, and to apprehend and cause such fugitive Rebbells to be returned to their respective masters and Owners, who have so bought and purchased them as aforesaid, after such manner as is used in this province for the apprehending, secureing & returning runaway Servants to their respective Masters, Dames or Owners, and foreasmuch as it may probably happen that some of the persons so transported as aforesaid by themselves or friends, may purchase or otherwise obtain their freedomes from their respective Masters or Owners, and attempt to go out of this province to some other plantation or province, where they may not be known, and consequently have the greater opportunity to returne to Great Brittain in order to pursue their wicked and rebellious practices and designs against his Majesty and the Protestant succession.
I do heareby, with the advice of his Lordship's Councill aforesaid, direct, require, and comand the aforesaid Sheriffs, Magistrates, Constables, and all other Officers, Civill and Military, within this province, to use their utmost endeavours to prevent the same by using all possible diligence to apprehend all or any of them who shall so attempt to escape out of this province contrary to his Majesty's Intention and to take Care that they be brought before myself or the Governour for the time being in order to oblige them to give good security not to go out of the province until the Expiration of the aforesaid time of seven years; and that all persons within this province may have due and sufficient notice hereof, and use their faithfull endeavours for the apprehending and discovering the said Rebells, who shall, or may endeavor or attempt to escape from their Masters' Service or otherwise go out of this province, I do hereby Strictly Charge & comand the severall Sherriffs of the respective Counties within this province, to cause this my proclamation to be published at all Court houses, Churches & Chappells and others the most publick and frequented places whereof they are not to fail at their perills. Given at the City of Annapolis, under the great Scale, this 28th day of August, in the third year of the Reign of our Sovr Lord George of Great Brittain, France and Ireland, King, defender of the faith, and the first year of his Lordship's Dominion &c., Anno Domini, 1716."
JNO. HART,
JNO. BEARD, Cl. Council.
Vera Copia. (Definition of COPIA VERA: In Scotch practice.) A true copy.
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