Conflict, recurring severe drought, and high food prices are to blame. In a recent development, more than 800,000 people have fled their homes due to violence in south Ethiopia since the beginning of 2018. They are in desperate need of assistance. South Sudan, Somalia, and Ethiopia are facing high levels of food insecurity in various parts of their countries over the next few months. About 22 million people in East Africa need help to secure their livelihoods and acquire adequate food. Nine million children are in need of nutrition assistance.
Recurring East Africa droughts make it difficult for farmers and herders to produce crops and feed livestock. Seasonal rainfall has been above average in some places, and excessive amounts of rain falling on drought-stricken land have resulted in flash floods, killing more than 300 people and washing away crops and shelters.
Children are the worst affected, with their health and development drastically impacted. More than 15 million children in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, and Somalia are struggling to get enough to eat. Floods are increasing the risk of cholera and other water-related diseases among people with temporary shelter and poor sanitation.
A look back at some of Africa’s major food crises shows conditions still faced by many Africans today: poverty, drought, conflict, and environmental degradation due to overgrazing, deforestation, and other types of environmental damages.
1968 to 1980s — A drought in the Sahel region led to 1 million deaths in Mali, Chad, Niger, Mauritania, and Burkina Faso.
1980 to 1981 — Drought and conflict led to widespread hunger in Uganda.
1984 to 1985 — Famine in Ethiopia. Drought in the northern highlands and problems delivering aid led to approximately 1 million deaths and massive displacements.
1991 to 1992 — The Somalia famine was caused by drought and civil war.
1998 to 2004 — During the Second Congo War, more than 3 million people died in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, mainly from starvation and disease.
2011 to 2012 — The Horn of Africa hunger crisis was responsible for 285,000 deaths in East Africa.
2015 to 2016 — A strong El Niño affected almost all of East and Southern Africa, causing food insecurity for more than 50 million people.
2017 — 25 million people, including 15 million children, need humanitarian assistance in East Africa. In September, inter-communal conflict in Ethiopia leads to more than 800,000 people being displaced internally.
2018 — From February to May, torrential rains in East Africa caused floods that killed people, livestock, and crops, and washed away roads and bridges making it hard to deliver aid. In June, while rain will bring some relief to dry pastures and cropland, this is the height of the lean season; hunger is increasing.
Arable land = land capable of producing crops; suitable for farming; suited to the plow and for tillage.
Moving on: my own disappointment began when I found out that no Albino went to Africa and “Took” Black people for Slaves. Rather, Albinos went to Africa and politely asked the local Black African Slave Traders if they might “Buy” some Slaves.
Then I found out that perhaps the biggest Slaving operation of them all, the East African “Arab Slave Trade”, was indeed Arab: but these Arabs weren't the Turks and Turk Mulattoes who the Albinos told us were Arabs. These Arabs were the "Real" Black Arabs, in this case the Omani Arabs who ran the “Arab Slave Trade” out of the African Island called Zanzibar.
Wiki: The Arab slave trade was the intersection of slavery and trade in the Arab world, mainly in Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Southeast Africa and Europe. This barter occurred chiefly between the medieval era and the early 20th century. The trade was conducted through slave markets in these areas, with the slaves captured mostly from Africa's interior and Southern Europe.
Walter Rodney argues that the term Arab Slave Trade is a historical misnomer since bilateral trade agreements between myriad ethnic groups across the proposed 'Zanj trade network' characterized much of the acquisition process of chattel, and more often than not indentured servants.
Lets pause to once again marvel at the abject stupidity and Racism of Albinos and their Mulattoes in these definitions. From wiki: Zanj was a name used by medieval Muslim geographers to refer to both a certain portion of Southeast Africa (primarily the Swahili Coast), and to the area's Bantu inhabitants. This word is also the origin of the place-names Zanzibar ("coast of the black people") and the Sea of Zanj. Really??? someone named the coastline in the middle of Africa "coast of the black people"!!! Well what about the coastline above and below, was that "The coast of the White people"?. That's only half a joke, if Albinos thought they could get away with it, that's exactly what they would call it.
Privateering was an age-old practice in the Mediterranean. North African rulers engaged in it increasingly in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth century because it was so lucrative, and because their merchant vessels, formerly a major source of income, were not permitted to enter European ports. Although the methods varied, privateering generally involved private vessels raiding the ships of an enemy in peacetime under the authority of a ruler. Its purposes were to disrupt an opponent's trade and to reap rewards from the captives and cargo.
These Pirates destroyed thousands of French, Spanish, Italian and British ships, and long stretches of coast in Spain and Italy were almost completely abandoned by their inhabitants, discouraging settlement until the 19th century. From the 16th to 19th century, pirates captured an estimated 800,000 to 1.25 million Europeans as slaves, mainly from seaside villages in Italy, Spain, and Portugal, but also from France, Britain, the Netherlands, Ireland and as far away as Iceland and North America.
Privateering was a highly disciplined affair conducted under the command of the rais (captain) of the fleets. Several captains became hero's in Algerian lore for their bravery and skill. The captains of the corsairs banded together in a self-regulating taifa (community) to protect and further the corporate interests of their trade. The taifa came to be ethnically mixed, incorporating those captured Europeans who agreed to convert to Islam and supply information useful for future raids.
{We won't even bother to ask how an entire continent of a billion or two; could have been colonized by a few European Albinos. Or how in a great "SEA of BLACKS" called Africa, less than three million Albino Afrikaners ruled South Africa for over three Hundred years!
At least Black Europeans have an excuse: Black Europe was never highly populated, so when they were inundated by the entire Albino population of Asia, there was not much they could do except fight and die, which they did in great numbers during the "Thirty Years War" (1618-1648)}.
But Slavery was just the beginnings of Africa's Failure. Africa is the acknowledged incubator and Homeland of All Humans. Africans (Egyptians) or Mesopotamian's (Sumerians), were the creators of Reading and Writing from many thousands of years ago. So why is it that as the Albinos were taking over in Europe, and shipping Blacks off to the Americas, NO African Documented or Chronicled these goings-on? The distance between Europe (Spain) and Africa (Morocco) is 7.7 miles.| The distance between Europe (Sicily) and Africa (Tunisia) is 96 miles.| The distance between Europe (Greece) and Africa (Libya) is 249 miles. So how could Africans NOT know what was going on in Europe? I mean it was the 1600s, 1700s, & 1800s, NOT THE DARK AGES!
Its not like Black Europeans and Africans didn't have relations: when the Turk Barbarossa ousted Mulay Hassan, and assumed the title of Bey of Tunis for himself (1534). The ousted Bey of Tunis, Mulay Hassan, plead to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V for help. The Emperor agreed to equip an expedition against Tunis, not only to restore Mulay Hassan to the throne, but also to curb the piracy undertaken from there. A fleet consisting of 62 galleys and 150 other vessels left Barcelona March 29th. The Imperial & Spanish troops, commanded by Genoese Andrea Doria, supported by the Maltese Knights, landed near Carthage, and took Tunis and Goletta. Mulay Hassan was restored and 20,000 christian slaves liberated. The Spanish garrisoned Tunis and Goletta. Mulay Hassan ruled Tunis as a Spanish vassal, and had to agree to end Christian slavery and to introduce religious toleration. The expedition also took Bone and Biserta, both of which were garrisoned by the Spanish. The Portuguese navy participated in the expedition.
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Black European Intervention Continued:
Hear yea, hear yea: Many millions of our Black brethren in Europe are being slaughtered by the Asian Albinos as they vie for supremacy in Europe!
And shouldn't these sort of things have been in that fabled library in Timbuktu? So that future generations of Blacks who may have lost their Histories, would have a Repository to come to, and read about what had happened, and who they were. If that had been done, the Albinos would not have been able to "Write-Blacks-out-of-history." Instead, this is the type of stuff Africans put in there.
Wiki: Timbuktu Manuscripts (or Timbuktu Manuscripts) is a blanket term for the large number of historically important manuscripts that have been preserved for centuries in private households in Timbuktu, Mali. The collections include manuscripts about art, medicine, philosophy, and science, as well as copies of the Quran. The number of manuscripts in the collections has been estimated as high as 700,000.
The manuscripts were written in Arabic and local languages like Songhay and Tamasheq. The dates of the manuscripts ranged between the late 13th and the early 20th centuries (i.e., from the Islamisation of the Mali Empire until the decline of traditional education in French Sudan). Their subject matter ranged from scholarly works to short letters. The manuscripts were passed down in Timbuktu families and were mostly in poor condition. Most of the manuscripts remain unstudied and uncatalogued, and their total number is unknown, affording only rough estimates.
Africa's failure to document what happened, left European American Blacks with no idea of who they were, or where they came from – and no way to find out (until Realhistoryww). They knew they weren't a part of the Black Native American populations, but nothing else, so AFTER A TIME, they were left to assume that they got to the Americas as African Slaves. And that left them vulnerable to people like Jesse Jackson, who in his ignorance, told them in 1988 to call themselves "African Americans"). The problem with Jesse Jackson, and so many others like him, is that they "Don't Think For Themselves" they simply accept what the Albinos taught them.
In this case, simply knowing the Black population of the U.S. and knowing how many African Slaves were landed there, would tell him that the "Overwhelming" Majority of Black Americans could not possibly be from Africa. To wit:
We know from the Slave Database that only 308,005 African Slaves were landed in the U.S. and Canada. The Albinos say that the Black population of the U.S. is a little over 40 million. Whereas or calculation from careful analysis of the 2008, 2012, and 2016 Presidential elections, indicates that the Black population of the U.S. is 80-85 million. But regardless of which number you believe, the number of African Slave descendants in the U.S. is very SMALL! For those of you who believe the Albinos would really tell you the truth about Black population strength - you have a condition called "Stockholm Syndrome."
For sure the First generations knew their history, and they dutifully passed it on to their children. But they had no institutional way to store or share their history: except for the family Bible - if they had one. Meanwhile their children are being worked to death in the fields, family history is not something they are going to be thinking about. And when they are finally allowed to go to school, guess whose history they are being taught. It really doesn't take long for memories of past lives to fade, especially when your very survival is in question.
A quick history of Anatolia (Turkey): The scientific study "Cranial discrete traits in a Byzantine population and eastern Mediterranean population movements" explains how Africans migrated up through Egypt, the Levant, Anatolia (Turkey), and on up into Greece and all over Europe.
We do not know exactly when or why, but by around 700 B.C. Greeks had started a "Back Migration" to establish settlements in Western Anatolia. By the beginning of the modern era, Anatolia, by then the center of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium), was culturally Greek.
They then consolidated all of their stolen lands into the Ottoman Empire, which was founded in 1299 in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Greece), the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental Empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.
EgyptIraqPalestine (Israel)JordanLibyaSyriaTunisiaEritreaAlgeriaCyprusMacedonia |
GreeceAlbaniaArmeniaBosnia andHerzegovinaBulgariaHungaryKosovoMontenegroSerbiaUkraineLebanon |
An interesting note: In the Turkish Nations creation myth (a modern country with a creation myth?). From tomes: a large or scholarly book, produced by the Ministry of Education in 1932; Turks are taught that at the dawn of history, their ancestors, led by a mythical gray she-wolf, started migrating outwards from the heart of Central Asia. As the numbers of their people swelled and droughts dried the traditional grazing lands on the steppe, some of them, they are told, even crossed the Bering Strait into the Americas. Presumably becoming the American Indians. In his later years, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (the founder of the modern Turkey nation), himself adopted a creed known as the "Sun Theory", which depicts the Turks as the mother race of all mankind, and proposed that all human languages are descendants of one proto-Turkic primal language. (Note: though the theory may sound outlandish, there is justification, and anecdotal evidence, for believing that at least the "North American Indian" was a Turk mulatto).
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, taught that the Turks discovered the America's fifty years before Christopher Columbus. The proof of this assertion, he told journalist, was that the Turks and Caicos Islands in the Caribbean, had obviously been named by Turks, especially since their capital was called Grand Turk. (The islands are in fact named after a fez-shaped cactus.).
However, Mediterranean Sea clashes in the sixteenth-century, between the Ottoman fleets and the Portuguese, led to many Turkish and Moorish seamen, ending up as Portuguese galley slaves bound for the Canary Islands and the New World. The presence of Turks in the Americas dates to the 17th century. Ottoman mariners and prisoners of war forced into slave labor on numerous Spanish galleons, also allegedly escaped when some of these ships were wrecked near American shores and settled among Indians. Some Melungeon researchers claim Melungeons descend from these Ottomans. However, there is little authoritative evidence for this claim. The myth of Sir Francis Drake leaving a large number of Turks on Roanoke Island in 1586 has not been proven.
For some time, we had hoped to document the lives and realities of the Blacks in Turkey. We knew that as was usual with Turks, and Turk Mulattoes over the entire region: they were telling Blacks that they arrived at their present Homes as Slaves. So when we ran across this video about Blacks in Turkey, with a different narrative, we were intrigued.
Their ancestors migrated to Aegean region of Turkey before 1915 to farm, and also served in Turkish army. They say they are not discriminated against, but if they travel out of the cities they live in, some people call them Arabs, and they get mad. When they asked where they are from they all say I’m Turk, and people ask them to show id to prove it. They all say all they know is that they are Turks and they don’t know anything about Africa.
As a reminder; Turks took over as rulers of millions of Black people in North Africa, the Middle East, Anatolia, Southern Europe, and Eastern Europe: after they had usurped their Arab Masters, and formed the Ottoman Empire. Later in 1453, they added the lands of the Eastern Roman Empire (the Byzantine Empire).
Problems arose because the official religion of the Ottoman Empire was Islam, but at the same time, the official religion of the Byzantine Empire was Catholicism. The movement of these different ethnic and religious groups throughout the Ottoman Empire, continues to spark Terrorism and Wars.
Example:
The Chechens are a largely White Muslim ethnic group that has lived for centuries in the mountainous North Caucasus region. For the past two hundred years, Chechens have resisted Russian rule. During World War II, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin accused the Chechens of cooperating with the Nazis and forcibly deported the entire population to Kazakhstan and Siberia. Tens of thousands of Chechens died, and the survivors were allowed to return home only after Stalin’s death.
For the past two hundred years, they have generally been governed by Moscow, though they have had varying degrees of de facto autonomy. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Chechen separatists launched a coordinated campaign for independence, which resulted in two devastating wars and an ongoing insurgency in Russia’s republic of Chechnya. Militants in and around Chechnya continue to agitate for independence, though the death of separatist leader Shamil Basayev in July 2006 weakened the separatist movement. However, violence in the North Caucasus has escalated since 2008, and Moscow experienced its most serious attack in six years with the bombing of a metro station in March 2010.
Black Turks video continued:
The reference to 1915 piqued our interest because we knew that was the timeframe when World War I began, which ultimately led to the Germanic Albinos of Western Europe breaking up the Turkish Ottoman Empire, along with its Slavic components.
World War I, also called First World War or Great War, an international conflict that in 1914–18 embroiled most of the nations of Europe along with Russia, the United States, the Middle East, and other regions. The war pitted the Central Powers—mainly Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey—against the Allies—mainly France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States. It ended with the defeat of the Central Powers. The war was virtually unprecedented in the slaughter, carnage, and destruction it caused.
The Soviet Union benefited from Germany's loss, as one of the first terms of the armistice was the abrogation of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. At the time of the armistice Russia was in the grips of a civil war which left more than seven million people dead and large areas of the country devastated. The nation as a whole suffered socially and economically. As to her border territories, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia gained independence. They were occupied again by the Soviet Union in 1940. Finland gained a lasting independence, though she repeatedly had to fight the Soviet Union for her borders. Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan were established as independent states in the Caucasus region. These countries were proclaimed as Soviet Republics in 1922 and over time were absorbed into the Soviet Union. During the war, however, Turkey captured the Armenian territory around Artvin, Kars, and Igdir, and these territorial losses became permanent. Romania gained Bessarabia from Russia. The Russian concession in Tianjin was occupied by the Chinese in 1920; in 1924 the Soviet Union renounced its claims to the district.
At the end of the war, the Allies occupied Constantinople (İstanbul) and the Ottoman government collapsed. The Treaty of Sèvres, a plan designed by the Allies to dismember the remaining Ottoman territories, was signed on 10 August 1920, although it was never ratified by the Sultan.
The occupation of Smyrna by Greece on 18 May 1919 triggered a nationalist movement to rescind the terms of the treaty. Turkish revolutionaries led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, a successful Ottoman commander, rejected the terms enforced at Sèvres and under the guise of General Inspector of the Ottoman Army, left Istanbul for Samsun to organize the remaining Ottoman forces to resist the terms of the treaty. On the eastern front, the Turkish–Armenian War and signing of the Treaty of Kars with the Russian S.F.S.R. took over territory lost to Armenia and post-Imperial Russia.
On the western front, the growing strength of the Turkish nationalist forces led Greece, with the backing of Britain, to invade deep into Anatolia (Turkey) in an attempt to deal a blow to the revolutionaries. At the Battle of Dumlupınar, the Greek army was defeated and forced into retreat, leading to the burning of Smyrna and the withdrawal of Greece from Asia Minor. With the nationalists empowered, the army marched on to reclaim Istanbul, resulting in the Chanak Crisis in which the British Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, was forced to resign. After Turkish resistance gained control over Anatolia and Istanbul, the Sèvres treaty was superseded by the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) which formally ended all hostilities and led to the creation of the modern Turkish Republic. As a result, Turkey became the only power of World War I to overturn the terms of its defeat, and negotiate with the Allies as an equal.
Lausanne Treaty formally acknowledged the new League of Nations mandates in the Middle East, the cession of their territories on the Arabian Peninsula, and British sovereignty over Cyprus. The League of Nations granted Class A mandates for the French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon and British Mandate of Mesopotamia and Palestine, the latter comprising two autonomous regions: Mandate Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan. Parts of the Ottoman Empire on the Arabian Peninsula became part of what is today Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire became a pivotal milestone in the creation of the modern Middle East, the result of which bore witness to the creation of new conflicts and hostilities in the region.
IZMIR, Turkey – Dotted along Turkey’s Aegean coastline are a smattering of villages that the country’s Afro-Turks call home.“The first generation suffers, the second generation denies and the third generation questions,” reads the opening line of Mustafa Olpak’s book, the first and the last autobiographical and introspective study of Turkey’s dwindling black minority. Olpak coined the term Afro-Turk and founded the movement to help resurrect their identity, but the history of the estimated 1.3 million people who were forced into slavery and shipped from Africa to the territories controlled by the Ottoman Empire remains little more than a footnote of Turkish history. (1.3 million, don't you just wonder where this lying little Khazar punt got that number from)? Of course they mostly just make them up, but an opportunity to insult a liar should not be wasted.
While “the library of the Congress of the United States of America has over 600 personal accounts of African-American slaves, none could be found in Ottoman archives,” notes Turkish historian Hakan Erdem in his commentary to Olpak’s book. Before his death last year, Olpak had dreamed of delivering a copy of his book to former U.S. President Barack Obama, and had even traveled to Istanbul’s airport in a hopeless attempt to meet him as he landed for a state visit.
Today the number of Afro-Turks is estimated at only a few tens of thousands. Many still live in the villages of Haskoy, Yenicifler and Yenikoy, near Izmir, while some reside in rural areas around Ayvalik, Antalya and Adana, as well as in Istanbul. Most were first brought to Turkey to work as domestic servants or in the tobacco and cotton fields along the Aegean Sea; they settled near Izmir once they were freed. Although the slave trade was officially made illegal in 1857 following pressure from Britain and other European powers, it took until the beginning of the 20th century to eliminate the practice altogether and to liberate those who were owned by Ottoman families since before the slave trade was outlawed.
In Izmir, the state provided safe houses for former slaves as well as assistance to integrate them into the labor market; whole villages and neighborhoods inhabited by the Afro-Turks were dubbed “Arap” areas – the Turkish word for Arab, which is still used as slang to refer to black people.
As we drive into Haskoy, the village where he grew up, Sakir Doguluer states, “We are Turkish, Muslim and proud.”
Sakir is a retired mechanic who took over the leadership of the Africans’ Culture and Solidarity Society after Olpak’s death in 2016. At the entrance we make a brief pit stop to say hello to friend, an Afro-Turk who, like most men from the village on this sleepy Sunday afternoon, is sitting in the tea shop, sipping tea, smoking a cigarette and flicking his worry beads between his fingers. The tea shop whose walls are plastered with posters of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, the modest mosque down the road and the meandering cats make Haskoy every bit the cliché postcard-perfect scene of rural Turkish life.
“I never asked myself why I was black,” says Sakir’s sister-in-law Hadije, who also lives in the village. “We didn’t know or care about why we were.” That was the case until 2006, when Turkish national television made a documentary about the community and Olpak’s new book, “Kenya-Crete-Istanbul: Human Biographies from the Slave Coast.” Until then Olpak’s own daughter Zeynep, today a flight attendant for Turkish Airlines, “had no idea” that her grandparents where slaves.
Zeynep is mixed race, and her ever-so-slightly dark olive skin and long wavy hair do not raise eyebrows in Turkey. “I struggled to read the book and had to read it in sessions, crying after each part,” she says. “My father searched for his identify, but most Afro-Turks were not very happy to find out.” She smokes a cigarette before heading off to work – a flight that will soon take her “back” to Kenya, she chuckles.
“Our grandparents did not want the new generations to know, they kept it a secret,” but “almost 10 years have passed since my father’s book came out, in those 10 years people’s reactions have changed,” Zeynep concludes.
'A second trauma'
While shame and pain played a role in many Afro-Turks’ choice to bury their past, these were not the only factors. Upon arrival, slaves were immediately converted to Islam, their names were changed and they were forced to put all aspects of their free life in Africa behind them. With a version of Islamic law ruling over the Ottoman Empire, treatment of slaves was different from America. Children of slaves were born free citizens, intermarriage was legal and after a period of seven to 10 years, Islamic law encouraged owners to release their slaves.
Beyond this, a large number of Afro-Turks were among the half-a-million Muslims from Greece who were forcibly exchanged for a million Christians from Turkey in the population swap that came after the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. For the Afro-Turks, the transfer represents “a second trauma” and a “second displacement,” explains Lulufer Korukmez, a Turkish academic who studied the group, at Ege University in Izmir. Ironically, one of the main promoters of the plan was League of Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Fridtjof Nansen, who believed that creating more ethnically homogeneous states would diminish forced displacement and war in the long run.
The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey stemmed from the "Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations" signed at Lausanne, Switzerland, on 30 January 1923, by the governments of Greece and Turkey. It involved at least 1.6 million people (1,221,489 Greeks from Asia Minor, Eastern Thrace, the Pontic Alps and the Caucasus, and 355,000 Turks in Greece), most of whom were forcibly made refugees and de jure denaturalized from their homelands.
The population exchange was envisioned by Turkey as a way to formalize, and make permanent, the exodus of Greeks from Turkey, while initiating a new exodus of a smaller number of Muslims from Greece to supply settlers for occupying the newly depopulated regions of Turkey, while Greece saw it as a way to supply its masses of new propertyless Greek refugees from Turkey with lands to settle from the exchanged Muslims of Greece.
This major compulsory population exchange, or agreed mutual expulsion, was based not on language or ethnicity, but upon religious identity, and involved nearly all the Orthodox Christian citizens of Turkey, including its native Turkish-speaking Orthodox citizens, and most of the Muslim citizens of Greece, including its native Greek-speaking Muslim citizens.
By the end of 1922, the vast majority of native Asia Minor Greeks had fled the recent Greek genocide (1914–1922) and Greece's later defeat in the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922).
According to some calculations, during the autumn of 1922, around 900,000 Greeks arrived in Greece. According to Fridtjof Nansen, before the final stage, in 1922, of the 900,000 Greek refugees a third were from Eastern Thrace, with the other two thirds being from Asia Minor.
The estimate for the Greeks living within the present day borders of Turkey in 1914 is 2.130 million a figure higher than the 1.8 million Greeks in the Ottoman census of 1910 which included Western Thrace, Macedonia and Epirus. A revised count suggests 620,000 in Eastern Thrace including Constantinople (260,000, 30% of the city's population), 550,000 Pontic Greeks, 900,000 Anatolian Greeks and 60,000 Cappadocian Greeks of whom 480,000 were killed (some estimates go as high as 750,000 which would suggest the Greek population was closer to 2.4 million if true).
Notice: the Albinos acknowledge the slaughter, but fail to mention that the people they were slaughtering were Blacks. If not for the pictures you would never know. This same modus is used when Albinos tell you about the "Thirty Years War". |
The Greek–Turkish population exchange was a result of the Turkish War of Independence. After Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's capture of Smyrna followed by the abolition of the Ottoman Empire on November 1, 1922, a formal peace agreement was signed with Greece after months of negotiations in Lausanne on July 24, 1923. Two weeks after the treaty, the Allied Powers turned over Istanbul to the Nationalists, marking the final departure of occupation armies from Anatolia.
On October 29, 1923, the Grand Turkish National Assembly announced the creation of the Republic of Turkey, a state that would encompass most of the territories claimed by Mustafa Kemal in his National Pact of 1920.
The state of Turkey was headed by Mustafa Kemal's People's Party, which later became the Republican People's Party. The end of the War of Independence brought new administration to the region, but also brought new problems considering the demographic reconstruction of cities and towns, many of which had been abandoned. The Greco-Turkish War left many of the settlements plundered and in ruins.
After the Balkan Wars, Greece had almost doubled its territory, and the population of the state had risen from approximately 3.7 million to 4.8 million. With this newly annexed population, the proportion of non-Greek minority groups in Greece rose to 13%, and following the end of the First World War, it had increased to 20%. Most of the ethnic populations in these annexed territories were Muslim, but were not necessarily Turkish in ethnicity. This is particularly true in the case of ethnic Albanians who inhabited the Çamëria (Greek: Τσαμουριά) region of Epirus.
During the deliberations held at Lausanne, the question of exactly who was Greek, Turkish or Albanian was routinely brought up. Greek and Albanian representatives determined that the Albanians in Greece, who mostly lived in the northwestern part of the state, were not all mixed, and were distinguishable from the Turks. The government in Ankara still expected a thousand "Turkish-speakers" from the Çamëria to arrive in Anatolia for settlement in Erdek, Ayvalık, Menteşe, Antalya, Senkile, Mersin, and Adana. Ultimately, the Greek authorities decided to deport thousands of Muslims from Thesprotia, Larissa, Langadas, Drama, Vodina, Serres, Edessa, Florina, Kilkis, Kavala, and Salonika. Between 1923 and 1930, the infusion of these refugees into Turkey would dramatically alter Anatolian society. By 1927, Turkish officials had settled 32,315 individuals from Greece in the province of Bursa alone.
Israeli News story continued:
Afro-Turks also went through “a powerful Turkification” with the founding of the Turkish Republic, which set in motion a process of “nation-building that subsumed and suppressed other consciousness’s,” explains Ehud Toledano, an expert on slavery in the Ottoman Empire at Tel Aviv University. “At the end of it all, of their old identity very little is left,” he remarks,
“I am proud of my African origins,” explains Messuré, Sakir’s sister, but “I only know the village where I grew up.” Messuré can neither read nor write. “I didn’t have the chance to learn to read, but if I had, I would have no doubt done better than you all,” she says.
Deniz, a mechanical engineer who commutes to Izmir from Haskoy every day, retorts that while he can read, he doesn’t “have time to sit around researching my family.” The Afro-Turkish community is largely working-class and these rural villages feel like they have fallen through the cracks of Turkey’s rapid modernization and industrialization over the last two decades.
Beyond the hardships of working-class life in rural Turkey, the Afro-Turks have to deal with the second hurdle of racism, according to Korukmez. “Being equal is not enough,” she says, “just because there is no structural racism does not mean that there isn’t in reality.” Back in the village, when Cihan, Deniz’s 11-year-old daughter, tells us she wants to be a doctor, there is a chorus of “inshallah” from her illiterate female cousins.
A few family members recognize that their life has not been easy. In villages, some Turks put their hands over their children’s eyes when Afro-Turks walk by, believing that they are bad luck. Others, however, consider their black countrymen talismans for good luck. “In cities, we often struggle to find jobs for no apparent reason,” they admit, even though they normally prefer to downplay problems of discrimination.
It was racism and discrimination that led the workers' rights activist and self-taught writer Mustafa Olpak to investigate his family history. The result was a work similar to Alex Haley’s 1976 novel “Roots,” which tells the story of an African sold into slavery in the United States and the lives of his descendants. Indeed, the impact on the lives of Afro-Turks was huge, but few are able to take up the challenge of perpetuating the newly discovered identity.
Impact on real life
“It is rare for historians to witness the impact that their work can have on the lives of real people,” writes Toledano in a draft of the introduction to the English edition of Olpak’s book, due to be published by Stanford University Press next year. But in the end, he concedes: “Sometimes as historians we create artificial identities.”
“The annual Calf Festival [known in Turkish as Dana Bayram] is the only tradition that they managed to resurrect, the rest having been long forgotten,” says Korukmez. The traditional dishes, languages and customs have long since been condemned to history with the passing of generations. “All that is left is the color of our skin,” admits Sakir himself. “I say to my grandchildren: Look at the color of my skin, because soon you won’t see it around here anymore. We risk losing the last visible proof that we are descendants of slaves of the Ottoman Empire.”
At the peak of the slave trade to the Ottoman Empire, as many as 15,000 to 18,000 Africans were brought over every year. A large number came from West Africa, passing through Agadez in Niger; those from Eastern Africa made the perilous journey across the Sahara before being shipped to the Ottoman Empire. For centuries Agadez has been the departure point for those making the difficult and dangerous passage across the Sahara. According to the International Organization for Migration, approximately 120,000 to 150,000 individuals departed from Agadez en route to Europe in 2016. Many never make it across the Sahara, falling off the back of trucks or dying of starvation or dehydration after their convoys get lost traveling on the unpaved routes in the desert.
Patrick Kingsley’s book, “The New Odyssey,” which discusses the current migration crisis, describes the desert crossing as a journey more dangerous than the trip across the Mediterranean. In 1849 the Ottoman statesman Mustafa Resid Pasha deemed the trade route across the Sahara to be too dangerous and penned a note to the governor of Tripoli asking him to make it more “humane.” Pasha requested that the governor “punish the traders who did not respect this.”
A desert crossing that ends “often with the same result” is how Ottoman expert Toledano describes the form of “modern slavery” endured by the masses of refugees and migrants making their way northward from Africa today. How's that for some "Smooth" lying? Here is why.
Sometimes the Albino Boys at Wiki tell the Truth!Turkic peoplesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Turkic peoples and related groups migrated west from Turkestan and present-day Mongolia towards Eastern Europe, the Iranian plateau and Anatolia (modern Turkey) in many waves. The date of the initial expansion remains unknown. After many battles, they established their own state and later constructed the Ottoman Empire. The main migration occurred in medieval times, when they spread across most of Asia and into Europe and the Middle East. They also took part in the military encounters of the Crusades. Later Turkic peoples include the Karluks (mainly 8th century), Uyghurs, Kyrgyz, Oghuz (or Ğuz) Turks, and Turkmens. As these peoples founded states in the area between Mongolia and Transoxiana, they came into contact with Muslims, and most of them gradually adopted Islam. Small groups of Turkic people practice other religions, including Christians, Jews (Khazars), Buddhists, and Zoroastrians.
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When President Gerald Ford formally recognized Black History Month during the celebration of the United States Bicentennial (1976), we were amazed that all Black Americans wanted to talk about was "The trans-Atlantic Slave Trade". How amazing, in the hundreds of thousands of years of the Black Races history, all those people could think to talk about was "Slavery".
While channel surfing, I happened across the funeral of the great Aretha Franklin. It happened to be at the time when a Black gentleman, perhaps a preacher, was talking. The man was telling a story about a conversation between a Slave and his master who was going overseas. When I realized what the man was saying, I turned the channel in disgust! Here it is in the year 2018, Slavery has been gone for 153 years in the United States. But at the funeral of one of the most accomplished and famous Women in the World, all this man wants to talk about is Slavery!
For some, hopefully most, when Slavery was ended, the reaction was "Thank God" or whoever or whatever a person would give thanks to: Damn I'm glad that's over, and they then went about trying to build new lives for themselves. But some, like I believe that man is: continued to Angst over Slavery, they just couldn't let it go, it's as if they're trying to squeeze the last drop out of it. Perhaps these are the African Slaves, and in their genes, they consider Slavery their natural condition. But clearly the issue for most is ignorance, they simply don't know any better - but Why?
We just now heard about the Black/White population swap between Greece and Turkey, which came about because of the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne. When we heard about it we were surprised, amazed, and even disheartened. Because not only did Africans fail to document and inform us that it had happened: So did our own modern Black scholars! DAMN - this happened in 1923! That's in our own time. That Khazar Jewish reporter didn't know about it because he is a genius, he knew about it because there is copious documentation about EVERYTHING these days, and he was told or taught about it. So if he knew about thousands of Black Greeks being forced to move to Turkey, how come our so-called scholars didn't know; and if they did, why didn't they tell us? All of Those poor Black people in Turkey are agonizing over who they really are, and where they really came from, and there is no one to tell them - that is very sad.
We know that Henry Gates likes to spend his time going around the World telling Indigenous Black people how they arrived at their present homes as Slaves. Last we heard he was doing that same thing in Central America. It turns out that those Black people knew better, the word is that Gates was asked to leave and not to return - ever! Vinson seems to keep a low profile, and its probably best that way.
With the wealth of Black history the collaborators of Realhistoryww have managed to uncover in just the last twenty years: it seems strange that the Black products of the Albinos best "Higher Education" could be so ignorant of Black history, without it's being a conscious "Choice" they made. Lets look at what our most "Distinguished" Black history scholars are teaching their students.
Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, Ben Vinson III Dean
The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences (abbreviated as the Columbian College, Columbian, or CCAS) is the college of liberal arts and sciences of the George Washington University, in Washington, D.C.
The major is divided into three primary areas of study:
African American Studies
African Studies
Latin American, Latino, and Caribbean Studies
Required for the major—39 credits:
AFST 1001 Introduction to Africana Studies (taken within three semesters of declaring the major)
African American studies:
HIST 3360 African American History to 1865
SOC 2179 Race and Minority Relations
ENGL 3570 Nineteenth-Century Black Literature
or ENGL 3950 Cultural Theory and Black Studies
Another course from the following designated courses: *
AMST 2440 The American City
ENGL 3940 Topics in African American Literary Studies
ENGL 3945 African American Poetry
HIST 3360 African American History to 1865
HIST 3361 African American History Since 1865
HIST 3362 African American Women’s History
HIST 2312 The American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1850-1877
MUS 1108 History of Jazz
MUS 3175 Topics in Music History and Literature
SOC 2151 Jackie Robinson: Race, Sports, and the American Dream
SOC 2170 Class and Inequality in American Society
SOC 2179 Race and Minority Relations
SOC 2169 Urban Sociology
Four courses in African studies:
ANTH 3708 Anthropology of Africa
HIST 3520 Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World
or HIST 3540 West Africa to Independence
Two additional courses from the following list of designated courses *
HIST 3501 Topics: Africa
HIST 3510 African History to 1880
HIST 3520 Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World
HIST 3530 Women in Africa
HIST 3540 West Africa to Independence
ANTH 3801 African Roots from Australopithecus to Zimbabwe
IAFF 2093 Africa: Problems and Prospects
PSC 2381 Comparative Politics of Sub-Saharan Africa
PSC 2482 African International Politics
Hutchins Center for African & African American Research
Henry Louis Gates, Jr. Director
Hiphop Archive and Research Institute
Center for African Studies
SPRING 2018 COURSE OFFERINGS
COURSE COURSE LONG TITLE MTG PATTERN START TIME END TIME INSTRUCTOR NAME
AFRAMER 10 Introduction to African American Studies MW 11:00 AM 11:59 AM Bobo, Lawrence
Gates, Henry
AFRAMER 91R Supervised Reading and Research Monson, Ingrid
AFRAMER 97 Sophomore Tutorial: The Black Atlantic W 05:00 PM 06:59 PM Cooke-Rivers, Jacqueline
AFRAMER 98 Junior Tutorial - African American Studies Monson, Ingrid
AFRAMER 98A Junior Tutorial - African Studies Monson, Ingrid
AFRAMER 99B Senior Thesis Workshop Monson, Ingrid
AFRAMER 119X Chocolate, Culture, and the Politics of Food W 01:00 PM 02:59 PM Martin, Carla
AFRAMER 122X The History of African Americans from the Civil War to the Present MW 02:30 PM 03:59 PM Hinton, Elizabeth
AFRAMER 123Z American Democracy R 01:00 PM 02:59 PM Unger, Roberto
AFRAMER 123Z American Democracy R 01:00 PM 02:59 PM West, Cornel
AFRAMER 131 African American Literature from the Beginnings to the Harlem Renaissance R 10:00 AM 11:59 AM Chavers, Linda
AFRAMER 134X How Sweet is it to be Loved By You: Black Love and the Emotional Politics of Respect T 02:00 PM 03:59 PM Kincaid, Jamaica
Morgan, Marcyliena
AFRAMER 142 Hiphop and Don't Stop. I Am Hiphop: Build, Respect, Represent T 11:00 AM 12:59 PM Morgan, Marcyliena
AFRAMER 158X The Key to Making It: Educational Progress and Barriers among Black Americans W 10:00 AM 11:59 AM Cooke-Rivers, Jacqueline
AFRAMER 179 Jazz, Freedom, and Culture TR 11:00 AM 11:59 AM Monson, Ingrid
AFRAMER 185X What is Black Art? African American Cultural Production from the Early Republic to Civil Rights T 01:00 PM 02:59 PM Lewis, Sarah
AFRAMER 191X African American Lives in the Law T 02:00 PM 03:59 PM Higginbotham, Evelyn
AFRAMER 209B Africa Rising? New African Economies/Cultures and Their Global Implications M 06:00 PM 07:59 PM Comaroff, Jean
M 12:00 PM 01:29 PM Comaroff, John
AFRAMER 212 Entrepreneurship in Africa T 11:00 AM 12:59 PM Olupona, Jacob
AFRAMER 302 Graduate Seminar R 04:00 PM 05:59 PM Sidanius, James
AFRAMER 303B Crime and Policing R 05:00 PM 07:59 PM Comaroff, Jean
Comaroff, John
AFRAMER 310 Individual Reading Tutorial TBD TBD TBD Bobo, Lawrence
AFRAMER 390 Individual Research TBD TBD TBD Bobo, Lawrence
AFRAMER 391 Directed Writing TBD TBD TBD Bobo, Lawrence
AFRAMER 398 Reading and Research TBD TBD TBD Bobo, Lawrence
AFRAMER 399 Direction of Doctoral Dissertations TBD TBD TBD Bobo, Lawrence
AFRIKAAN AB Elementary Afrikaans TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
AFRIKAAN BB Intermediate Afrikaans TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
AFRIKAAN 101BR Advanced Afrikaans II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
AMHARIC AB Elementary Amharic TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
AMHARIC BB Intermediate Amharic TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
AMHARIC 101BR Advanced Amharic II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
BEMBA AB Elementary Bemba TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
BEMBA BB Intermediate Bemba TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
BEMBA 101BR Advanced Bemba II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
BEMBA 101BR Advanced Bemba II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
CAMEROON AB Elementary Cameroonian Pidgin TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
CAMEROON BB Intermediate Cameroonian Pidgin TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
CAMEROON 101BR Advanced Cameroonian Pidgin II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
CAPEVERD AB Cape Verdean Creole TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
GIKUYU AB Elementary Gikuyu TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
GIKUYU BB Intermediate Gikuyu TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
GIKUYU 101BR Reading in Gikuyu II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
GULLAH AB Elementary Gullah TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
GULLAH BB Intermediate Gullah TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
GULLAH 101BR Advanced Gullah II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
HAITIAN AB Elementary Haitian Creole TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
HAITIAN BB Intermediate Haitian Creole TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
HAITIAN 101BR Advanced Haitian Creole II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
HAUSA AB Elementary Hausa TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
HAUSA BB Intermediate Hausa TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
HAUSA 101BR Advanced Hausa II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
HIEROGLY AB Elementary Egyptian Hieroglyphs TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
HIEROGLY BB Intermediate Egyptian Hieroglyphs TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
HIEROGLY 101BR Advanced Egyptian Hieroglyphs II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
IGBO AB Elementary Igbo TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
IGBO BB Intermediate Igbo TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
IGBO 101BR Advanced Igbo II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
JAMAICAN AB Elementary Jamaican Patois TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
JAMAICAN BB Intermediate Jamaican Patois TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
JAMAICAN 101BR Advanced Jamaican Patois II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
KINYARWA AB Elementary Kinyarwanda TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
KINYARWA BB Intermediate Kinyarwanda TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
KINYARWA 101BR Advanced Kinyarwanda II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
LINGALA AB Elementary Lingala TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
LINGALA BB Intermediate Lingala TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
LINGALA BB Intermediate Lingala TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
LINGALA BB Intermediate Lingala TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
LINGALA 101BR Advanced Lingala II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
LUGANDA AB Elementary Luganda TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
LUGANDA BB Intermediate Luganda TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
LUGANDA 101BR Advanced Luganda II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
MALAGASI AB Elementary Malagasi TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
MALAGASI BB Intermediate Malagasi TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
MALAGASI BB Intermediate Malagasi TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
MALAGASI 101BR Advanced Malagasi II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
NKO AB Elementary Nko (Bamanankan) TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
NKO BB Intermediate Nko (Bamanankan) TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
NKO 101BR Advanced Nko (Bamanankan) TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
OROMO AB Elementary Oromo TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
OROMO BB Intermediate Oromo TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
OROMO 101BR Advanced Oromo II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SHONA AB Elementary Shona TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SHONA BB Intermediate Shona TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SHONA 101BR Advanced Shona II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SOMALI AB Elementary Somali TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SOMALI BB Intermediate Somali TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SOMALI 101BR Advanced Somali II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SUDANESE AB Elementary Sudanese Arabic TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SUDANESE BB Sudanese Arabic TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SUDANESE 101BR Advance Sudanese Arabic II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SWAHILI AB Elementary Swahili TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SWAHILI AB Elementary Swahili TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SWAHILI BB Intermediate Swahili TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
SWAHILI 101BR Reading in Swahili II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
TIGRINYA AB Elementary Tigrinya TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
TIGRINYA BB Intermediate Tigrinya TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
TIGRINYA 101BR Advanced Tigrinya II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
TWI AB Elementary Twi TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
TWI BB Intermediate Twi TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
TWI 101BR Reading in Twi II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
WOLOF AB Elementary Wolof TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
WOLOF BB Intermediate Wolof TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
WOLOF 101BR Advanced Wolof II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
WSTAFRCN AB Elementary West African Pidgin TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
WSTAFRCN BB Intermediate West African Pidgin TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
WSTAFRCN 101BR Advanced West African Pidgin II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
YORUBA AB Elementary Yoruba TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
YORUBA BB Intermediate Yoruba TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
YORUBA 101BR Reading in Yoruba II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
ZULU AB Elementary Zulu TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
ZULU BB Intermediate Zuu TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
ZULU 101BR Advanced Zulu II TBD TBD TBD Mugane, John
Well look at that: No Blacks of Anatolia/Turkey, No Blacks of Greece, No Blacks of Rome, No Blacks of Persia, No Blacks of Mesopotamia, No Blacks of China, No Blacks of India, No Blacks of Siberia, No Blacks of the Caribbean, No Blacks of the Western Hemisphere, No etc, etc, etc.Kinda makes you wonder WHO they're trying to educate. Or NOT Educate! |
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